2.  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure for manually preserving brain function until further measures to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest (heart not functioning normally/blood is not delivered).

3.  CPR roots originate in Japan and in Europe dating back to the 18 th century.  In 1954 this technique was proved to be a sound method and approved in the U.S.

4.  40 million injury-related visits to ER  Unintentional injuries cause most childhood deaths  70 million people is US have cardiovascular disease; causes 700,000 deaths each year

5.  Unusual Sights : stopped vehicle, broken glass, spilled medicine, down electrical wires, sparks, smoke, fire  Unusual Appearances or Behaviors: unconsciousness, confused or unusual behavior, trouble breathing, clutching chest or throat, slurred, confused, hesitant speech, drowsiness  Unusual Odors: stronger smell than usual, unrecognizable, inappropriate  Unusual Noises: screaming, yelling, moaning, calling for help, breaking glass, crashing metal, sudden, loud or unidentifiable sounds, unusual silence

6.  Presence of other people  Unsure of ill or injured person’s condition  Type of injury or illness  Fear of catching a disease  Fear of doing something wrong  Fear of being sued  Unsure when to call 911

7.  Infectious diseases – spread from one person to another – develop when germs invade body and cause illness  Bacteria: live outside body and do not depend on other organisms for life. Viruses: depend on other organisms to live.  Touching, Breathing, Biting – spread bacteria and viruses from one person to another

8.  Avoid contact with blood or other body fluids  Use protective barriers  Do not touch blood  Use gloves  Wash hands thoroughly

9.  Protects citizens who act the same way that a “reasonable and prudent person” would if that person were in the same situation  Protect you against lawsuits

10.  Calling 911 is the most important step you can take in an emergency

11.  Giving first aid/CPR  Difference between life and death ◦ If you are prepared, you can ensure that helps begins as soon as possible ◦ First aid often makes a difference between a complete recovery and permanent disability

12.  Before giving first aid, you must have a person’s permission  Referred to as “consent”  To get consent: ◦ Tell person who you are ◦ Training you have ◦ What you think is wrong ◦ What you plan to do

13. Guidelines  If CONSIOUS adult refuses, then DO NOT give care (but call 9-1-1)  If CONSIOUS child or infant, consent comes from PARENT/GUARDIAN when available  If child or infant, and condition is life- threatening, consent is IMPLIED if parent/guardian not present

14. Guidelines (continued)  If parent/guardian present, but NO consent, DO NOT give care (call 9-1-1)  IMPLIED CONSENT if UNCONSIOUS ◦ Means you can assume that if the person could respond, he/she would agree to care

15.  Permission is referred to as “consent”  Tell person who you are, training you have, what you think is wrong, and what you plan to do  DO NOT GIVE CARE TO A CONSCIOUS PERSON WHO REFUSES IT, but call 911  Child or infant, get consent from guardian  Life-threatening condition – permission is implied (especially if unconscious)