Diseases Infectious diseases=organisms that enter, live in and multiply within the body Pathogens=organisms that cause disease *If they enter your body and multiply they create an infection and you develop a disease

Types of Pathogens 1.) Bacteria=simple, single celled organisms that live almost anywhere (air, surfaces, food) Bacterial diseases include: Strep throat Meningitis Tuberculosis Lyme disease – spread through tick bites

Treating Bacterial Diseases Antibiotic- a drug that inhibits or kills bacteria. Prescription medicine only available with a written order from a qualified healthcare professional. Important to use as prescribed to avoid developing resistance from the medication.

Under a microscope, they look like balls or rods Under a microscope, they look like balls or rods. They are so small that a line of 1,000 could fit across a pencil eraser. Most bacteria won't hurt you less than 1 percent makes people sick. Many are helpful. Some bacteria help to digest food and destroy disease-causing cells. Bacteria are also used in making healthy foods like yogurt and cheese.

2.) Viruses The smallest pathogens, can multiply only by entering a living cell Viruses include: Common cold Hepatitis Mononucleosis Rabies

Treating Viral Infections Viral diseases have no cure so the body must fight off the infection. Best treatment for viral infections are rest, a well-balanced diet and plenty of fluids.

3.) Protozoan Single-celled organisms that have the ability to move through fluids in search of food. Protozoan diseases=Toxoplasmosis, malaria, amoebic dysentery

Cured with antifungal creams or sprays 4.) Fungi Simple organisms related to molds that live in dark warm moist areas. Fungal Infections=athletes foot, ringworm yeast infection Cured with antifungal creams or sprays

Body Defenses Against Diseases Your body protects itself from infection in 3 ways. Physical & Chemical defenses Inflammation Immune System

Physical & Chemical Defenses Skin=1st line of defense Sweat=contains acids that kill bacteria Mouth, eyes, nose=contains mucous membranes Cilia=tiny hair like structures that line air passages Stomach acids=acid kills bacteria Digestive Tract=flushes away bacteria Urine=kills pathogens with acid

Body’s response to all cuts and Inflammation Body’s response to all cuts and internal damage Phagocytes=W.B.C. eat up foreign cells and kill unwanted pathogens, gives off a clear liquid or pus

Inflammation Process Fights infection and promotes the healing process Inflammation process begins within seconds after injury R.I.C.E – Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate

Most sophisticated line of defense Immune system Most sophisticated line of defense Can seek out and destroy pathogens “B” Cells “T” Cells Generals Soldiers

Cells Helper “T” cells Killer “T” cells Suppressor “T” cells Helper “T” cells help fight infection

Immunity- is your body’s ability to destroy pathogens that it has previously encountered before the pathogens are able to cause disease. Lymphocytes – white blood cells that carries out most of the immune system’s functions.

Spread of Infectious Disease Direct Contact includes touching, hugging, kissing, sex, shaking hands Indirect Contact=sneezing, coughing, contact with infected person’s blood

Contact with animals including ticks and raccoons Rabies- a deadly disease of the nervous system Contact with objects - doorknobs, eating & drinking utensils contaminated food & drink

Infectious Diseases Common Cold No Cure, spread by touching contaminated objects coughing and sneezing Lasts 3-7 days VIRUS

Influenza No Cure, Spreads like the common cold Airborne droplets and contaminated objects Fever, sore throat, body aches, cough Vaccine available Every Year VIRUS

Pneumonia Serious infection of the lungs Chronic Coughing VIRUS, BACTERIA, FUNGI

Rubella Known as Germen Measles Fever, rash, coughing, sneezing, sore throat, swollen glands Vaccine VIRUS

Hepatitis Inflammation of the Liver Fever, nausea, pain in abdomen, jaundice, brown urine, Symptoms appear 3-6 weeks after exposure Hep. A=contaminated food & water Hep. B=contaminated blood & body fluids VACCINE is available Hep. C=contaminated blood & body fluids Most Dangerous

Tuberculosis Highly contagious infection that infects the lungs. Transmitted by coughing or sneezing. Fatigue, weight loss fever, chronic cough. Treatment=medications up to a year BACTERIA

Mononucleosis Infection causes swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen. Sever sore throat, extreme fatigue 3-6 weeks for symptoms to come to an end. Spread through saliva VIRUS

3 Ways to Prevent Illness 1.) Avoid contact with pathogens 2.) Make sure your immunizations are current 3.) Choose healthy behaviors

Other ways of Prevention: Washing hands Handling Food Properly Balanced Diet Avoid sharing Proper Food Storage Unnecessary Contact with people who are ill Vaccinations Abstinence