1. Communicable Diseases
Chapter 13

2. Disease
Any condition that interferes with the normal or proper functioning of the body or mind

3. Communicable Disease
A disease that can be spread to a person from another person, an animal, or an object

4. Germs
Organisms that are so small they can only be seen through a microscope
Communicable diseases are caused by germs!!!

5. Pathogens
Germs that cause diseases

6. Infection
A condition that happens when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and cause harm
**When the body cannot fight off an infection that is when a disease develops

7. 4 BASIC KINDS OF PATHOGENS

8. 1. VIRUS Smallest pathogen Not alive
Examples: Mono, Flu, Herpes, Measles, Chicken Pox

9. 2. BACTERIA Simple one-celled organisms
Most kinds are good and fight off infections
Harmful bacteria cause diseases such as strep throat and pneumonia

10. 3. FUNGI
Organisms that are more complex than bacteria but cannot make their own food
Thrive in warm, moist environments
Examples: Athlete’s foot and ringworm

11. WHAT IS RINGWORM?

12. 4. PROTOZOA One-celled organisms Some can cause serious disease
Malaria is caused by protozoa and is transferred to people through mosquito bites

13. 6 WAYS PATHOGENS ARE SPREAD

14. 1. Direct contact with others
*Wash your hands often with soap
2. Indirect contact with others
*Never share eating utensils, cups, or personal items such as toothbrushes or razors

15. 3. Contact with someone else’s blood
Spreads HIV or other infections
4. Sexual contact
Spreads STI’s such as chlamydia, genital warts, & syphilis

16. 5. Contact with contaminated food or water
Cook foods thoroughly, store dairy properly
6. Contact with animals or insects
Mosquitoes spread West Nile virus, other animals spread rabies

17. 5 Barriers that Block Pathogens
Tears, Saliva, Skin, Mucous Membranes, and Stomach Acid
Your body can block, trap, or break down most pathogens before they make you sick

18. Immune System
A combination of body defenses that fight pathogens in the body
Goes to work if pathogens get past the barriers

19. Immunity
The ability to resist the pathogens that cause a particular disease
Example: mothers pass immunity to their babies during pregnancy and during breast feeding

20. Vaccines
A preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that is introduced into the body to cause an immune response
Because they are dead they cannot make you sick but your body builds barriers to stop the live pathogens

21. FLU VACCINE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbwfQLqxO3Q

22. Common Communicable Diseases
Cold – no vaccine because there are too many different viruses
The Flu – affect you more quickly than cold symptoms
Flu season is December-March

23. The Contagious Period
The length of time that a particular disease can spread from person to person
Often includes a length of time before the infected person shows signs of being sick
Chicken Pox – 1 week before signs of symptoms

24. Communicable Diseases
Mono - “the kissing disease” spread by coming into contact with the saliva of an infected person
Hepatitis – A,B, and C
Hep A – from contaminated water or food
Hep B & C – contaminated blood

25. Pneumonia – serious inflammation of the lungs
Spread through direct or indirect contact with infected person
Strep Throat – caused by bacteria
Spread through people coughing or breathing infected air
Must be treated

26. KEEPING PATHOGENS FROM SPREADING
Hygiene – cleanliness
Eating foods that are good for you, getting exercise, sleeping well and keeping environment clean

27. How to Protect Yourself from Getting Sick
Avoid close contact with people who have a communicable disease
Never share eating utensils, cups, or glasses
Wash your hands thoroughly and often, especially before eating or preparing food

28. Keep your fingers and hands away from your mouth, nose, and eyes
Don’t bite your nails
Empty the trash often
Handle and prepare food safely
Keep pets clean and healthy

29. Ways to Protect Others Tell a parent if you feel sick
If you are ill, stay home from school and other public places
Cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze or cough
Use a tissue only once and throw it away

30. Take medicine a doctor has given you and take it until it is gone

31. LIVE A HEALTHFUL LIFESTYLE
EAT A BALANCED DIET
BATHE OR SHOWER REGULARLY WITH SOAP
REST WHEN YOU ARE SICK
GET 8-9 HOURS OF SLEEP
AVOID TOBACCO, DRUGS AND ALCOHOL