1. Common Communicable Diseases
Health
Mr. Christman

2. Common Communicable Diseases
Objectives:
Explain the causes, transmission, symptoms, and treatment for several communicable diseases.
Describe strategies to reduce the risk of contracting some communicable diseases.

3. Common Communicable Diseases
In this lesson you will learn about some common communicable diseases, their symptoms, and how they are treated.

4. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
The most common communicable diseases are those of the respiratory tract. These infections can occur anywhere from the nose to the alveoli of the lungs. Most are caused by viruses or bacteria.

5. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
You can reduce the risk of most respiratory illnesses by avoiding close contact with people who are infected, washing your hands often, keeping your hands away from your eyes and nose, and keeping your immune system healthy.

6. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
Smoking can contribute to illness by damaging cilia and irritating respiratory passages. In addition, symptoms of these diseases may be more severe in smokers. Smoking also can suppress the immune system.

7. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
Common Respiratory Infections
1) Common Cold: a viral infection that causes inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the nose and throat

8. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
Symptoms include a runny nose, sneezing, and sore throat.

9. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
Some common ways of getting a cold include rubbing your eyes or nose after picking up the virus directly through hand to hand contact or indirectly by handling a contaminated object.
Colds can also be spread through the air when an infected person sneezes or coughs

10. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
There is no cure for the common cold and treatment is mainly for relief of the symptoms.
Often treatment includes the use of aspirin and ibuprofen.

11. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
2) Influenza: a viral infection of the respiratory tract which is most often spread through airborne transmission but also may be spread through direct or indirect contact.

12. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
Symptoms of the flu include high fever, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and cough

13. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
Treatment for the flu include antiviral drugs, proper nutrition, plenty of rest, and lots of fluids.
Also, flu shots are available for anyone who wants to avoid the illness.

14. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
3) Pneumonia: can be viral or bacterial
Pneumonia is one of the top 10 causes of death in the United States.

15. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
Viral pneumonia is relatively short-lived and produces symptoms similar to those of influenza.
In most cases, antiviral drugs are used to treat it.

16. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
Bacterial pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics.
The bacteria that cause pneumonia are always present in healthy throats. When the body defenses are weakened in some way, the bacteria can move into the lungs and multiply.

17. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
4) Strep Throat: a bacterial infection spread by direct contact

18. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
Symptoms include a sore throat, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck.
If untreated, strep throat can lead to serious complications such as inflammation of the kidneys and rheumatic fever, which can cause heart damage.

19. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
Strep throat can be treated with antibiotics.
Strep throat is diagnosed by taking a throat culture and testing it for the bacteria.

20. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
5) Tuberculosis: a bacterial disease that attacks that lungs.
TB is spread through the air when a person with the disease coughs or sneezes.

21. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
Symptoms of TB include extreme fatigue, coughing (sometimes coughing up blood), fever, night sweats, and weight loss.

22. Common Communicable Diseases: Respiratory Infections
TB can be treated by antibiotics, but many strains have developed resistance to antibiotics.

23. Common Communicable Diseases: Hepatitis
Hepatitis: an inflammation of the liver caused by chemicals including drugs and alcohol, and by many different pathogens.

24. Common Communicable Diseases: Hepatitis
Hepatitis A, B, and C are the most common form of this disease and there is no cure for them.
There are, however, vaccines for hepatitis A and B.

25. Common Communicable Diseases: Hepatitis
Hepatitis A:
Hepatitis A is most commonly spread through contact with feces of an infected person. Infected persons who do not wash their hands properly may contaminate objects or food or spread the virus through direct contact.

26. Common Communicable Diseases: Hepatitis
Symptoms of Hepatitis A are generally mild and may include fever, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, abdominal pain, and Jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and eyes).
Most infected individuals recover completely.

27. Common Communicable Diseases: Hepatitis
The best way to reduce your risk of hepatitis A is to practice careful hand washing and avoid close contact with people who are infected.
Get the vaccine!

28. Common Communicable Diseases: Hepatitis
2) Hepatitis B:
The hepatitis B virus is found in most bodily fluids of an infected person, especially blood.
It is most often spread through sexual contact and through needles shared by infected drug users.

29. Common Communicable Diseases: Hepatitis
Most people who are infected never experience symptoms.
Hepatitis B causes severe liver damage, liver failure, and cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver.

30. Common Communicable Diseases: Hepatitis
You can reduce your risk of hepatitis B by practicing abstinence from sexual contact and illegal drug use, and not sharing personal items such as toothbrushes and razors.
Get the vaccine!

31. Common Communicable Diseases: Hepatitis
3) Hepatitis C: the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States.
Hepatitis C is most often transmitted by direct contact with infected blood through contaminate needles shared by drug users.

32. Common Communicable Diseases: Hepatitis
Most people who are infected never experience symptoms.
Hepatitis C can lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and liver failure.

33. Common Communicable Diseases: Hepatitis
You can reduce your risk of hepatitis C by practicing abstinence from illegal drug use, and not sharing personal items such as toothbrushes and razors.
There is no vaccine for hepatitis C.

34. Common Communicable Diseases: Emerging Infections
Emerging Infections: a communicable disease whose incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future
Examples: West Nile virus, AIDS, Lyme disease

35. Common Communicable Diseases: Emerging Infections
Reasons for Emerging Infections:
1)Transport across borders
2)Population Movement
3)Resistance to Antibiotics
4)Changes in Food Technology
5)Agents of Bioterrorism

36. Common Communicable Diseases
1)Activity# 90 (Concept Mapping)
2)T-Charts
3)Activity# 90 (Applying Health Skills)