UNDERSTANDING DRUGS AND MEDICINCES 11/16/2018

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A DRUG AND A MEDICINE? 11/16/2018 DRUGS Drugs are substances that cause a change in a person’s physical and/or psychological state. Medicines are drugs that are used to cure, prevent, or treat illnesses or discomfort. MEDICINES “Drugs are substances that cause a change in a person’s physical and/or psychological state. Medicines are drugs that are used to cure, prevent or treat illnesses or discomfort. All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines.” ALL MEDICINES ARE DRUGS. ALL DRUGS ARE NOT MEDICINES.

What are some common side effects of medicines? What is a Side Effect? 11/16/2018 An effect caused by a drug other then the intended effect What are some common side effects of medicines? Headaches Sleepiness Diarrhea Nausea Dizziness Vomiting “An effect caused by a drug other then the intended effect. Common side effects are headaches, sleepiness, diarrhea, nausea.”

Over-the-Counter Drugs What is the difference between... Prescription Drugs 11/16/2018 Specific medicines ordered by a doctor in writing Over-the-Counter Drugs “A prescription is a written order from a doctor for a specific medicine. An over-the-counter medication is a medicine that can be bought without a prescription.” Medicines that can be bought without a prescription

Why do we need a prescription for certain drugs? 11/16/2018 Stronger then OTC drugs More serious side effects May interfere with other drugs Easy to become addicted to Who regulates prescription drugs? FDA (Food & Drug Administration) Stronger, worse side effects, may interfere with other drugs, easier to become addicted.

Prescription Medicines 11/16/2018 What information does a prescription have? The medication The dose When you should take the medicine How often you should take the medicine The length of time you should take the medicine Medication prescribed, dose, when you should take the medication, how often you should take the medicine, the length of time you should take the medication. “Some things NOT included are side effects and ingredients.”

11/16/2018 People often think that prescription and OTC drugs are safer than illegal drugs, but that’s only true when they are taken exactly as prescribed and for the purpose intended. When abused, prescription and OTC drugs can be addictive and put abusers at risk for other adverse health effects, including overdose - especially when taken along with other drugs or alcohol. “People often think that prescription and OTC drugs are safer than illegal drugs, but that’s only true when they are taken exactly as prescribed and for the purpose intended. When abused, prescription and OTC drugs can be addictive and put abusers at risk for other adverse health effects, including overdose—especially when taken along with other drugs or alcohol.

Prescription Drug Abuse Legal medicines with legitimate uses can be abused, meaning they're taken by someone other than the patient or in a manner or dose other than what's recommended. 11/16/2018 Commonly abused prescription drugs: Vicodin/Hydrocodone Valium Xanax Ambien Adderall OxyContin “Legal medicines with legitimate uses can be abused -- meaning they're taken by someone other than the patient or in a manner or dose other than what's recommended. What are some of the most commonly abused prescription drugs?” Vicodin, Xanax, Adderall, Valium, Ambien, and Oxycontin.

Effects of Prescription Drug Abuse 11/16/2018 Abusing opioids like oxycodone and codeine can cause you to feel sleepy, sick to your stomach, and constipated. At higher doses, opioids can make it hard to breathe properly and can cause overdose and death. Abusing stimulants like Adderall or Ritalin can make you feel paranoid (feeling like someone is going to harm you even though they aren’t). It can also cause your body temperature to get dangerously high and make your heart beat too fast. This is especially likely if stimulants are taken in large doses or in ways other than swallowing a pill. Discuss the slides Resource: National Institute on Drug Abuse

Effects continued... 11/16/2018 Abusing depressants like barbiturates can cause slurred speech, shallow breathing, sleepiness, disorientation, and lack of coordination. People who abuse depressants regularly and then stop suddenly may experience seizures. At higher doses depressants can also cause overdose and death, especially when combined with alcohol. Resource: National Institute on Drug Abuse

Prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are, after marijuana and alcohol, the most commonly abused substances by Americans 14 and older. Discuss the chart with students and point out prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are, after marijuana (and alcohol), the most commonly abused substances by Americans 14 and older. 11/16/2018

Prescription Drug Abuse Treatment 11/16/2018 The two main categories of drug addiction treatment are behavioral and pharmacological. Behavioral treatments help patients stop drug use by teaching them strategies to function without drugs, deal with cravings, avoid drugs and situations that could lead to drug use, and handle a relapse should it occur. Individual counseling Group or family counseling Contingency management Cognitive behavioral therapies The two main categories of drug addiction treatment are behavioral which help patients stop drug use by teaching them strategies to function without drugs and pharmacological which uses medications to help counter the effects of the drugs on the brain and behavior. Resource: National Institute on Drug Abuse

Prescription Drug Abuse Treatment 11/16/2018 Pharmacological treatments - some addictions, such as opioid addiction, can be treated with medications. These pharmacological treatments counter the effects of the drug on the brain and behavior, and can be used to relieve withdrawal symptoms, help overcome drug cravings, or treat an overdose. Although a behavioral or pharmacological approach alone may be sufficient for treating some patients, research shows that a combined approach may be best. Resource: National Institute on Drug Abuse

What do the following types of common medications do for our body? 11/16/2018 What do the following types of common medications do for our body?

Analgesics Relieve pain Ibuprofen Acetaminophen Aspirin 11/16/2018 Analgesics relieve pain. Examples include: Aspirin, Acetaminophen, and Ibuprofen. Acetaminophen Aspirin

Antacids Antihistamines 11/16/2018 Work against stomach acids that cause heartburn. Antihistamines Block the action of the chemical, HISTAMINE, which causes allergy symptoms. Antihistamines block the action of the chemical histamine, which causes allergy symptoms. Examples: Benadryl and Zyrtec.

Antibiotics 11/16/2018 Drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms Common antibiotics: Penicillin Streptomycin Amoxicillin Antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. Examples: Penicillin, Streptomycin, Amoxicillin.

How do drugs enter your body? Drugs/medicines come in many different forms for different reasons. The most common way they are taken is by mouth (Ingestion). Other ways are Implanted pumps Inhalation Injection Patches Topical application (creams/ointments) 11/16/2018 Implanted pumps, inhalation, injection, transdermal patches, ingestion, and topical cream.

What is the difference between a generic medicine and a brand name medicine? 11/16/2018 Generic drugs are made by a company other than the company that developed the original medicine. They are chemically identical to the original drug and have the same active ingredients. The difference may be in the inactive ingredients, things that give the pill its shape, color, and size. “Generic drugs are made by a company other than the company that developed the original medicine. They are chemically identical to the original drug and have the same active ingredients. The difference may be in the inactive ingredients, things that give the pill its shape, color, size.”

What are drug interactions? 11/16/2018 Drug interactions occur when drugs react with another drug, food or dietary supplement. Certain foods could change the way our body metabolizes certain drugs which could increase or decrease the effect of the drug. “Drug interactions happen when drugs react with another drug, food or dietary supplement. It could increase or decrease the effect of a drug.” Emphasize the effect of mixing pills and alcohol – deadly combination. Should never do, whether it is an antibiotic, antidepressant, or ecstasy. Also mention eating food with antibiotics decreases chances of stomachaches. Example given on next slide.

A Common Food/Drug Interaction: 11/16/2018 Grapefruit juice can interact with numerous other medications, both prescription and over-the-counter. Grapefruit juice can also cause the body to metabolize drugs abnormally, resulting in lower or higher than normal blood levels of the drug. Some of the drugs affected by grapefruit juice are: cholesterol medications antihistamines blood pressure drugs thyroid replacement drugs birth control stomach acid-blocking drugs How grapefruit juice affects some medicines. Discuss the diagram with students.

What is Anaphylactic Shock? 11/16/2018 The most serious allergic reaction, often life-threatening It affects the entire body including itching all over, swelling, especially in the mouth and throat, wheezing or difficulty breathing, pounding heart, fainting and unconsciousness. Anaphylactic Shock – affects the entire body including itching all over, swelling, especially in the mouth and throat, wheezing or difficulty breathing, pounding heart, fainting and unconsciousness.

What type of allergies do you suffer from? 11/16/2018 Discuss.