Get out stuff for notes History of Yugoslavia Notes NOVEMBER 15, 2017

Think-pair-share What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

Race vs. ethnicity RACE ETHNICITY Based on biological differences Skin color, eye color, hair, body type, facial features Based on cultural characteristics Common ancestry, heritage, history

Nation vs state vs nation-state Nation: a group of people with a common history, culture, ancestry, based around ethnicity Cherokee Nation, Palestinians, Kurds State: a government that represents a group of people Government of the United States Nation-State: a government that represents a particular nation Japan

Think-pair-share What factors can unify/pull people together? What factors can divide/drive them apart? Think of in terms of a country

Drawing political borders Work with a partner to divide up the land on the paper Keep in mind all of the different factors such as physical features, religion and language You may divide your country into as many or as few countries as you see fit What could be the potential areas of conflict in your new countries? Why?

Bosnian War Explained https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae_cTGvxYGI Why do Serbia and Croatia hate each other?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbNdMnSpZ30

The Former Yugoslavia Founded in 1918 Made up of 6 republics united under one flag after breakup of Austro-Hungarian Empire 10

The former Yugoslavia is part of the Balkan Peninsula (the region is more commonly referred to as the Balkans) the former Yugoslavia 11

Historically, the Balkans have been one of the most volatile places in the world. This area has been conquered by multiple empires throughout its history. Including: Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian 12

The Ethnic Composition of the Former Yugoslavia The Balkans are one of the most culturally complex regions of the world because of its ethnic, linguistic (language) and religious composition. The Ethnic Composition of the Former Yugoslavia 13

Reason for ethnic diversity? Physical geography of the region is very mountainous  isolated communities developing different cultures 14

Ethnic composition of former Yugoslavia f former Yugoslavia 15

Which country would probably have the most ethnic problems? Why? Bosnia-Herzegovina; Because it is the most ethnically diverse country in the former Yugoslavia. 16

Yugoslavia HISTORY 1945 Nationalism increased after WWII Area comes under communist control and Soviet sphere of influence Federation of six equal republics Restored economic stability post WWII Tensions suppressed by Josip Tito

Yugoslavia HISTORY 1992 U.S.S.R. collapses Multiple nations in Eastern Europe gain independence Nationalism increases in Yugoslavia Republics start to break away Slovenia and Croatia want independence but Serbia wants to keep region intact and control it politically

Yugoslavia HISTORY 1992 Slovenia and Macedonia granted independence Serbian president = Slobodan Milosevic Serbs do not allow Croatian independence Serbian minority in Croatia

Yugoslavia HISTORY 1992 Croatia eventually given independence Bosnia declares independence Serbia does not recognize Bosnian independence Civil war breaks out between B and S

Serbs commit genocide against Bosnian Croats and Muslims in order make Bosnia more “Serbian”.                                               21

The Serbian policy of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia also resulted in creating a “refugee” population in neighboring countries. Refugee- a person who flees his or her country because of a fear of persecution based on race, ethnicity, religion, ideology, or political affiliation. Many non-Serbians living in Bosnia fled to neighboring countries out of fear of ethnic cleansing by Serbs. 22

Post civil-war USA sponsors peace talks in 1995 Bosnia granted independence Macedonia granted independence in 2006 Former Yugoslavia is now Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Macedonia 23

The international community placed responsibility for the ethnic cleansing in Kosovo on Serbian President Milosevic and as a result he was arrested and charged with “crimes against humanity”. For the time being, this finally brought political stability to the region. 24

A new political term has been formed to describe what happened to the former Yugoslavia at the end of the 20th century: BALKANIZATION 25

BALKANIZATION The process of breaking up a region/country into smaller, mutually hostile countries. 26