1. Day Three of Ethnicity:
Case Study Review: Yugoslavia

2. As a class read textbook section “Ethnic Diversity in the Former Yugoslavia” page 244.
Look at maps on pgs 244, 245, and 246.

3. Match the Eastern European countries! Russia Hungary Belarus
Estonia
Latvia
Russia
Hungary
Lithuania
Czech Republic
Belarus
Poland
Slovakia
Ukraine
Slovenia
Moldova
Croatia
Romania
Bosnia &
Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Serbia &
Montenegro
Macedonia
Albania

5. Balkan Mountains

6. Cultural Crossroads
Due to Eastern Europe’s location, it has become a “cultural crossroads”: a place where multiple cultures crossed paths
Many people have passed through this portion of Europe to cross between Europe and Asia
Exs:
Traders, nomads, migrants, armies

7. Eastern Europe is Culturally Diverse!
Multiple Languages & Religions
Religion: Major ones are Eastern Orthodox Christians, Catholicism, Islam, and Judaism
Result: Many different ethnic groups of people all living in the same place = conflict
Less URBAN than rest of Europe

8. Conflicts over National Identities
In Eastern Europe, there have been frequent conflicts over ethnic identities
Why? Centuries of foreign rule = ethnic groups want to fiercely protect their ethnic heritage
Wanted to become “nation-states”
Examples:
Balkan Countries vs. the Ottomans
Fought over who should rule territory
Led to “Balkanization”: process of a region breaking up into small, mutually hostile units
Political unit of people
Who share a common
Culture or history

9. Soviet Union’s Control of Eastern Europe
After WWII: Soviet Union dominates Eastern Europe
Became “Satellite Nations” (mini-Soviet Unions)
CHARACTERISTICS:
Military treaties
Military bases placed in most countries
Communist govs took power;
Controlled almost all aspects of people’s
lives
“Hammer & Sickle”
Nations dominated by
another country

10. Western and Eastern Divisions
Result of Soviet domination:
Lack of growth and prospering
Eastern Europe cut off from technological advancements
Created a boundary between West and East

11. Fall of Communism Fall of Communism led to Independence & Instability
Newly found independence = ethnic loyalties very important
Led to civil wars, which created instability in the region
Ex:
Serbian Civil War AKA Yugoslav Wars (didn’t want to split into separate countries)
Czechoslovakia = Czech Republic & Slovakia

12. Explain this cartoon!
The satellite states escape for freedom from the sinking ship that is the Soviet Union

13. Civil War in Serbia
Slobodan Milosevic: Wanted to Increase Serbia’s power over the rest of Yugoslavia
Republics began leaving Yugoslavia
Serbia declared war and lost
Milosevic tried for war crimes
Nations end trade w/Yugoslavia and country grew poorer
2000: Milosevic voted out of office

14. Why Serbia Feared? Milosevic’s “Greater Serbia”
Expansion of Serbian borders to countries w/Serbian populations
Alarmed territories of impact; declared independence
Led to wars/conflicts between Serbia and other newly independent nations

15. Murders of political opponents
In the summer of 2000 former Serbian President Ivan Stambolić was kidnapped; his body was found in 2003 and Milošević was charged with ordering his murder. In 2005, several members of the Serbian secret police and criminal gangs were convicted in Belgrade for a number of murders, including Stambolić's.
In June 2006 the Supreme Court of Serbia ruled that Milošević had ordered the murder of Stambolić. The Supreme Court accepted the previous ruling of the Special Court for Organized Crime in Belgrade which targeted Milošević as the main abettor of politically motivated murders in the 1990s.
Milošević was found dead in his cell on 11 March 2006, in the UN war crimes tribunal's detention center, located in the Scheveningen section of The Hague, Netherlands.
Autopsies soon established that Milošević had died of a heart attack. He had been suffering from heart problems and high blood pressure. Many suspicions were voiced to the effect that the heart attack had been caused or made possible deliberately.

16. War in Bosnia
Use of VIOLENCE to STOP Independence of Bosnia & Herzegovina
Many of Bosnia’s Muslims and Croats (Croatians) were murdered
Tried to eliminate entire ethnic group
Ethnic Cleansing
More than 200,000 died; over 2 million fled their homes

17. Kosovo Milosevic tried to gain control of Kosovo (Serbian area)
Get rid of Albanian influences (culture)
Response by Kosovo:
Declared their independence
1990s: KLA (Kosovo Liberation Army) carries out attacks against Serbian officials
Serbian Ethnic Cleansing against Albanians
Bombed villages, etc.
Outcome of conflicts: new nation—Serbia & Montenegro