Chapter 4 RECONSTRUCTION AND THE NEW SOUTH The American Nation In the Modern Era 11/13/2018 Chapter 4 RECONSTRUCTION AND THE NEW SOUTH Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Section 4: The New South CHAPTER 4--Reconstruction and the New South

Objectives: Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction What hopes and expectations did African Americans in the South have for their lives as freedpeople? How did President Lincoln and Congress differ over plans for Reconstruction? How did President Johnson’s programs benefit former Confederates? How did the Black Codes affect freedpeople?

African Americans Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction wished to establish churches and schools hoped to legalize marriages hoped to find family members who had been sold away desired ownership of land expected basic human rights

Lincoln Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction wanted to abolish slavery wanted to give amnesty to most southerners wished to allow rebel states to rejoin the Union when ten percent of residents who had voted in 1860 pledged loyalty to the Union

Congress Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction wanted to abolish slavery wanted to delay Reconstruction until a majority of each state’s white males took a loyalty oath

President Johnson’s programs Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction President Johnson’s programs gave blanket pardons for most rebels gave easy terms for readmission into the Union: states had to nullify their acts of secession, abolish slavery, and refuse to pay war debts

The Black Codes Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction tried to deprive freedpeople of equality re-established white control over African American labor

Objectives: Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction What issues divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction era? Why did moderates and Radical Republicans join forces, and what actions did they take on behalf of African Americans? Why was President Johnson impeached, and why did the Senate not remove him from office? Why were African Americans crucial to the election of 1868, and how did Republicans respond to their support?

Radical Republicans Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction wanted to create an entirely new South wanted to give African Americans the right to vote

Moderate Republicans Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction wanted to restore southern states to the Union wanted to keep former Confederates out of government wanted to give African Americans some civil equality

Radical and moderate Republicans Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Radical and moderate Republicans joined forces to protect African Americans from violence passed Civil Rights Act of 1866, over presidential veto extended the Freedmen’s Bureau, over presidential veto passed the Fourteenth Amendment

Johnson’s impeachment Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Johnson’s impeachment general dislike of Johnson’s lenient Reconstruction policies Johnson’s violation of the Tenure of Office Act inappropriate speeches and acts

Johnson’s acquittal Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction weak case overly critical attacks fear that impeachment would weaken future presidents and the system of checks and balances

Election of 1868 Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction African American votes were crucial to getting Ulysses S. Grant elected president. Republicans passed the Fifteenth Amendment, extending the vote to African American men.

Objectives: Section 3: Reconstruction in the South How did African Americans attempt to improve their lives during the Reconstruction era? What reforms did Republican governments enact? How did some African Americans respond to harassment by the Ku Klux Klan? What caused Reconstruction to end?

African Americans improving their lives Section 3: Reconstruction in the South African Americans improving their lives registered to vote joined and formed political organizations lobbied for political equality built churches and schools served as delegates to state constitutional conventions

Republican government reforms Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Republican government reforms creation of new state constitutions abolition of property qualifications for jurors and candidates creation of new services construction of new roads and bridges

Responses to Ku Klux Klan Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Responses to Ku Klux Klan retaliation by burning barns lobbying for congressional protection

End of Reconstruction Section 3: Reconstruction in the South economic problems such as the Panic of 1873 immigrant tendency to use universal suffrage to support Democrats dissolution of alliance between northern business people and freed slaves increasing white violence in the South Compromise of 1877

Objectives: Section 4: The New South What were the drawbacks to the sharecropping system? How did Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision change life for southern African Americans? How did African Americans attempt to improve their economic situation after Reconstruction? How did Booker T. Washington and Ida B. Wells think African Americans should respond to Jim Crow laws?

The sharecropping system Section 4: The New South The sharecropping system Sharecroppers had no income until harvest time. System required farmers to rely on one crop only. System left farmers and the region dependent on outsiders for their food supply.

Jim Crow and Plessy v. Ferguson Section 4: The New South Jim Crow and Plessy v. Ferguson The Jim Crow laws segregated African Americans, and in Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal.

African American attempts to improve their lives Section 4: The New South African American attempts to improve their lives formed societies and cooperatives supported churches and schools supported businessmen

Booker T. Washington Section 4: The New South wanted African Americans to achieve economic independence discouraged African Americans from protesting discrimination

Ida B. Wells Section 4: The New South urged African Americans to protest discrimination wanted African Americans to leave the South