1. Reconstruction

2. Two New Constitutional Amendments
13th Amendment-
Officially freed all slaves,
Made slavery illegal in all United States Territories
14th Amendment-
Ex-slaves given citizenship
When slaves denied vote their representation will be reduced
Southerners denied public office
Debts incurred in south due to war are void

3. Freedman’s Bureau
Primitive welfare agency for freed blacks and white refugees
Food, clothing, medical care and education given to blacks and white refugees
They were authorized to give blacks forty acres taken from the confederates
This did not often actually take place, blacks were sometimes forced out of towns or forced to sign labor contracts with their former masters
Now President, Johnson was a white supremacist that tried to get rid of the Bureau, it finally expired in 1872

4. Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan
The South had not legally withdrawn from the Union so their restoration would be simple.
10% plan-
10% of votes in the 1860 election took on oath of allegiance to the Union
Pledged to abide by emancipation
Creation of a state government
The state would then be recognized
Wade David Bill
Passed by congress in 1864 in reaction to Lincoln’s plan
50% of voters must take the oath of allegiance
Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill

5. Johnson’s reconstruction plan
Same as Lincoln with a few twists that didn’t favor white planter aristocracy
Both Lincoln and Johnson provided for a generous amnesty to allow Southerners to retain their property and reacquire their political rights.
Johnson supported the 13th Amendment that abolished slavery but was reluctant to support Black suffrage believing this was an issue for states.

6. Failures of the Lincolns and Johnsons plan
Black Codes: Many states passed laws restricting the rights of freedmen
Little attempt was made to address the economic hardships facing freedmen
Southern States admitted under Lincoln/Johnson plan refused to ratify 14th Amendment
These failures contributed to growing support for Radical Republicans

7. Radical Republican Plan
Believed the South should be punished for starting the war and hoped to protect the rights of Freedmen (former slaves).
Extended the Freedmen's Bureau (Over Johnson's Veto) to provide food, clothing, shelter, and education to freedmen and war refugees.
Civil Rights Act of 1866 (Passed over Johnson's Veto) designed to grant freedmen full legal equality, undercutting the Black Codes
Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Passed over Johnson's Veto)
Divided the South into 5 districts and placed them under military rule (disbanded governments readmitted under Lincoln/Johnson plans
Required S. States to ratify the 14th Amendment
Guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in conventions to write new state constitutions
Fifteenth Amendment-
Black males given right to vote

8. Ku Klux Klan Invisible Empire of the South Founded in 1866
Early terrorist society
Meant to keep blacks in their place, away from the polls and in servitude
Those that didn’t comply were brutally beaten, flogged, mutilated and sometimes murdered
In one day 1868, KKK members killed or wounded 200 victims

9. Johnson and Impeachment
Tenure of office Act, passed over Johnson’s veto
The president must get the consent of congress before removing anyone from office that had been approved
When Johnson removed Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, the House voted 126 to 47 to impeach Johnson for “high crimes and misdemeanors”
Senate failed by just one vote to legally impeach Johnson