Iron Curtain: symbolized the ideological and physical boundary dividing Europe on the boarder of Russia and Germany from 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.

”An iron curtain has descended across the Continent” W. Churchill

Truman responds Truman doctrine: declared that it must be policy of the U.S. to support free peoples who are resisting a Communist takeover. Example: U.S. gave Turkey and Greece 400 million dollars to prevent a Communist takeover. Containment: Became the U.S. foreign policy, took measures to prevent the spread of Communism in other countries.

Containment

The Marshall Plan After WWII many cities had been destroyed Millions of people lived in refuge camps Secretary of State, George Marshall proposed that the U.S. provide aid The U.S. provide 16 countries with roughly 13 billion dollars in aid Most when to Britain, France, Italy, and West Germany

The Marshall Plan

The Struggle for Germany! West Germany was occupied by the U.S., Great Britain, and France East Germany was occupied by the USSR Berlin was split in half Problem was that Berlin was located in East Germany Stalin quickly closed all roads and rail routes into West Berlin, no food or fuel could reach this part of the city

Solution=? The Berlin Airlift: U.S. and British officials began flying food and supplies into West Berlin This lasted for 327 days, in 277,000 flights they brought 2.3 million tons of supplies Eventually Stalin gave in and reopened routes to West Berlin

Aftermath The Berlin blockade increased Western Europe's fear of Soviet aggression NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): 12 countries pledged military support to one another in case of an attract from the USSR