Latin 1 Mr. zboril | Milford PEP Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation Mr. zboril | Milford PEP

Chapter 6 Second Declension Nouns Salvē Discipulī! Quid es? This Photo by Unknown Author is licnsed under CC BY-SA

Chapter 6 Second Declension Nouns A noun is person, place, thing, or idea. The Chapter 6 Vocabulary on Page 30 lists a bunch of nouns. Some are… ager, agrī, m.: field bellum, bellī, n.: war oppidum, oppidī, n.: town puer, puerī, m.: boy Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation Notice the endings are different? These are not prīmae declension nouns!

Chapter 6 Second Declension Nouns Your Latin Dictionary contains three pieces of information for every noun: puer, puerī, m.: boy The first form or nominative singular This is used to list words in a dictionary The second form or genitive singular This is used to find the noun stem and to determine which declension (or noun family) the noun belongs. The gender : masculine, feminine, or neuter. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 6 Second Declension Nouns Verbs are divided into conjugations. A conjugation can be recognized by the 2nd Principal Part. Nouns are divided into declensions. Latin has five noun declensions. Declensions can be recognized by the genitive case singular – the second form personal endings. ager, agrī, m.: field equus, equī, m.: horse oppidum, oppidī, n.: town The genitive singular of all secūndae declension nouns ends in –ī (long i). Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 6 Gender Review In English, the gender of a noun is determined by: Female things are feminine Masculine things are masculine Something neither male or female is neuter In Latin, this is sometimes the case, however a noun’s gender does not necessarily reflect the gender of the object it describes. If an object has neither gender (e.g. table, tree, town) Latin may classify it as any of the genders. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 6 Secūndae Declension Noun Gender & Most nouns of the 2nd Declension are masculine and neuter. There are a few nouns that are feminine. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 6 Secūndae Declension Noun Stems Exercise 2 on pg. 31 asks you to identify the stem for each of the nouns in the vocabulary. Remember how we found the stem of 1st Declension (Prīmae Declension) nouns? We took the Genitive Singular and removed the ending (–ae). fēmina, fēminae, f. fēminae → fēmin -ae = fēmin We do the same with second declension. Let’s look at the next slide… Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 6 Second Declension Noun Stems To find the stem of the 2nd Declension noun, take the genitive singular and remove the –ī. vir, virī, m. virī → vir -ī = vir bellum, bellī, n. bellī → bell - ī = bell Now, with the stem, we add the case endings and decline the noun. Look…. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

2nd Declension Case Endings - Masculine stem: amīc/-ī Case Singular Plural Nominative amīc-us amic-ī subject, predicate the friend the friends Genitive amīc-ī amīc-ōrum possession of the friend of the friends Dative amīc-ō amīc-īs indirect object to / for the friend to / for the friends Accusative amīc-um amīc-ōs direct object Ablative object preposition by/with/from the friend by/with/from the friends Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

2nd Declension Case Endings - Masculine stem: amīc/-ī Case Singular Plural Nominative amīcus amicī subject, predicate the friend the friends Genitive amīcī amīcōrum possession of the friend of the friends Dative amīcō amīcīs indirect object to / for the friend to / for the friends Accusative amīcum amīcōs direct object Ablative object preposition by/with/from the friend by/with/from the friends Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 6 Secūndae Declension – Neuter Unlike the 1st Declension, the 2nd Declension case endings are slightly different depending on the gender of the noun. The differences can be found in the nominative and accusative cases. Take a look at the next slide… Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

2nd Declension Case Endings - Neuter stem: oppidum/-ī m. Case Singular Plural Nominative oppidum oppida subject, predicate the town the towns Genitive oppidī oppidōrum possession of the town of the towns Dative oppidō oppidīs indirect object to / for the town to / for the towns Accusative direct object the friends Ablative amīcō object preposition by/with/from the town by/with/from the towns Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

2nd Declension Case Endings - Neuter stem: oppidum/-ī m. Case Singular Plural Nominative oppidum oppida subject, predicate the town the towns Genitive oppidī oppidōrum possession of the town of the towns Dative oppidō oppidīs indirect object to / for the town to / for the towns Accusative direct object the friends Ablative amīcō object preposition by/with/from the town by/with/from the towns Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 6 Indirect Object – Dative Case The term Indirect Object is linked with the Dative Case. An indirect object describes the object to which something is given, said, or done. It does not receive the action of the verb directly, but is affected by it. The girl gives a gift to the boy. The girl gives the boy a gift. Both sentences say the same thing. In both, ‘boy’ is the indirect object. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 6 Indirect Object – Dative Case The girl gives a gift to the boy. The girl gives the boy a gift. What is the Latin word for boy? What would this be in the dative case? puer, puerī m. puerō Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation Let’s translate the sentence…. Puella puerō donum dat. n/s/f d/s/m acc/s/n 3/s/pres

Chapter 6 Indirect Object – Dative Case The farmer told the queen a story. What is the direct object? It is story or fābula, fibulae f.. What is the indirect object? It is queen or rēgīna, rēgīnae. Here, story will be fābulam (accusative case / sing) queen will be rēgīnae (dative case / sing) Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 6 Indirect Object – Dative Case The farmer was telling the queen a story. story will be fābulam (accusative case / sing) queen will be rēgīnae (dative case / sing) S IO DO V Agricola rēgīnae fābulam nārrābat. n/s/m d/s/f acc/s/f 3/s/imp Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

Chapter 6 Dative of Reference Similar to the indirect object, the dative of reference describes something which is not directly receiving the action of the verb, but is the object to which the statement refers. They build a town for the allies. They build the allies a town. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

I can stay afterwards for extra help Instructor Contact Information brian44212@gmail.com cell: 513-375-7552 Class Time 2pm Tues & Thurs I can stay afterwards for extra help www.brianzboril.weebly.com Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation