1. Nouns
Chapter 1

2. Today You Will Learn What the different noun cases are.
Why case is important.
The dictionary form of nouns.
Finding the base of nouns.
The case endings for nouns.
How to decline a noun.

3. What is a noun? A noun is a:
Person (daughter, sister, friend, teacher, Ms. Littler, Kim)
Place (school, home, store, library, lake, Disneyland)
Thing (book, desk, pencil, bed, computer)
Idea (love, sleep, excitement, humor, fun)

4. Noun cases Nouns are used in many different ways in sentences.
The different ways they are used are called “cases.”
Latin has six different cases.
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative

5. Why is Case Important? Man Shark Shore Surfboard Bite Ride
Write a single sentence using all of these words.
How much sense does your sentence make?
Is it different than others’ sentences?

6. THESE HAVE DIFFERENT MEANINGS!!!
Why is Case Important?
In English, word order (sentence structure) influences the meaning of a sentence.
If you change the word order, you can potentially change the meaning.
The Surfboard was biting the shark which was riding on the man near the shore.
The Shark was biting the man who was riding on the surfboard near the shore.
THESE HAVE DIFFERENT MEANINGS!!!

7. Why is Case Important? THESE MEAN THE SAME THING!!!
In Latin, word order (sentence structure) doesn’t matter, because every word has its own case.
If you change the word order, but keep each noun in its same case, the meaning of the sentence won’t change.
Puer navem ad viam in Asiā navigat.
Navigat navem in Asiā puer ad viam.
Ad viam puer in Asiā navem navigat.
THESE MEAN
THE SAME
THING!!!

8. Nominative The subject of a sentence (the noun that does the action).
Examples:
Ms. Littler is a teacher.
My mom cooks good food.
Books are fun to read.
Utah is really cold in the winter.

9. Genitive Shows possession (that something belongs to it). EXAMPLES:
My cat’s fur is soft.
Ms. Littler’s classroom is warm.
I like to drive my brother’s car.

10. dative Indirect Object (the noun that is receiving something).
EXAMPLES:
I gave a book to my friend.
Mrs. Stiles gives candy to me.
My mom cooks for me.
My cat likes when I give treats to her.

11. Accusative Direct Object (the noun that the action is done to).
EXAMPLE:
I use my computer a lot.
My friend sends cards to me sometimes.
I love to read books.
I love Doctor Who.

12. Ablative Object of a preposition (shows relationships). EXAMPLES:
I take walks at night with my mom.
I sleep on my bed, because it is comfy.
My best friend lives far away from me.
I live next to a grocery store.

13. Vocative
Direct address (when you speak directly to someone or something).
EXAMPLES:
Ladies and gentlemen, I love having you in my class.
Oh homework, why must you take so much time?!
Hello, old friend!
Hey, Ms. Littler, can I ask you a question?

14. All six noun cases Nominative Subject The/A _____
Genitive Possession of _____ or _____’s
Dative Indirect Object to/for _____
Accusative Direct Object the/a _____
Ablative Object of a Preposition by/with/from _____
Vocative Direct Address Oh _____!

15. Dictionary Form of nouns
1st Principal Part: Nominative, Singular [1st Declension -a ending]
Agricola, Agricolae, M
Fēmina, Fēminae, F
Patria, Patriae, F
2nd Principal Part: Genitive Singular [1st Declension -ae ending]
Gender (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter) [1st Declension, mostly fem]

16. Find the base Step 1: Look at the 2nd Principal Part.
Step 2: Take off the Genitive Singular Ending.
EXAMPLE:
Agricola, Agricolae, M  Agricol-
Fēmina, Fēminae, F  Fēmin-
Patria, Patriae, F  Patri-

17. Add the endings
Each of the six cases have their own endings that you attach to the base.
Case
Singular
Plural
Nominative -a
-ae
Genitive
-ārum
Dative
-īs
Accusative
-am
-ās
Ablative -ā
Vocative

18. Practice Find the Base: Add the Endings (Accusative Singular):
Agricola, Agricolae, M  Agricol-
Fēmina, Fēminae, F  Fēmin-
Patria, Patriae, F  Patri-
Add the Endings (Accusative Singular):
Agricol- + -am = Agricolam
Fēmin- + -am = Fēminam
Patri- + -am = Patriam

19. Decline (put into all cases)
Practice declining the following nouns into all 6 cases (singular and plural):
Prōvincia, Prōvinciae, f
Puella, Puellae, f
Silva, Silvae, f
Agricola, Agricolae, m

20. Example: Prōvincia, Prōvinciae, F
FORM - SINGULAR
TRANSLATION - SINGULAR
NOMINATIVE
prōvincia
The/A province
GENITIVE
prōvinciae
of the province
DATIVE
to/for the province
ACCUSATIVE
prōvinciam
the/a province
ABLATIVE
prōvinciā
by/with/from the province
VOCATIVE
Oh province!
FORM - PLURAL
TRANSLATION - PLURAL
The provinces
prōvinciārum
of the provinces
prōvinciīs
to/for the provinces
prōvinciās
the provinces
by/with/from the provinces
Oh provinces!

21. Practice: Puella, Puellae, f
FORM - SINGULAR
TRANSLATION - SINGULAR
NOMINATIVE
GENITIVE
DATIVE
ACCUSATIVE
ABLATIVE
VOCATIVE
FORM - PLURAL
TRANSLATION - PLURAL

22. Practice: Silva, Silvae, F
FORM - SINGULAR
TRANSLATION - SINGULAR
NOMINATIVE
GENITIVE
DATIVE
ACCUSATIVE
ABLATIVE
VOCATIVE
FORM - PLURAL
TRANSLATION - PLURAL

23. Practice: Agricola, Agricolae, M
FORM - SINGULAR
TRANSLATION - SINGULAR
NOMINATIVE
GENITIVE
DATIVE
ACCUSATIVE
ABLATIVE
VOCATIVE
FORM - PLURAL
TRANSLATION - PLURAL