9 The Respiratory System Lesson 9.1: Functions and Anatomy of the Respiratory System Lesson 9.2: Respiration: Mechanics and Control Lesson 9.3: Respiratory Disorders and Diseases

Functions and Anatomy of the Respiratory System Chapter 9: The Respiratory System Lesson 9.1 Functions and Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Anatomy of the Respiratory System the nose the nasal cavity the pharynx the larynx the trachea the bronchi the lungs

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Anatomy of the Respiratory System the nose nares the nasal cavity conchae the palate the sinuses

Anatomy of the Respiratory System the pharynx tonsils the larynx epiglottis the trachea C rings

Anatomy of the Respiratory System the bronchi primary bronchi bronchioles the alveoli surfactant pores of Kohn the alveolar capillary membrane

Anatomy of the Respiratory System the lungs mediastinum apex pleural sac parietal pleura visceral pleura

The Upper Respiratory Tract

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: surfactant, apex, epiglottis, conchae. 1. lungs 2. larynx 3. nasal cavity 4. alveoli

Respiration: Mechanics and Control Chapter 9: The Respiratory System Lesson 9.2 Respiration: Mechanics and Control

Respiration: Mechanics and Control nonrespiratory air maneuvers control of breathing lung volume

Respiration also known as breathing air always moves from a higher pressure area to a lower pressure area four key tasks involved in respiration pulmonary ventilation external respiration respiratory gas transport internal respiration

Respiration Boyle’s law as the volume of a gas increases, the pressure of the gas decreases

Respiration inspiration (inhalation) expiration (exhalation) diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract thoracic cavity expands expiration (exhalation) diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax thoracic cavity shrinks

Respiration

Nonrespiratory Air Maneuvers

Control of Breathing neural factors chemical factors pons and medulla oblongata chemical factors central chemoreceptors peripheral chemoreceptors mechanoreceptors

Control of Breathing

Lung Volume static dynamic air volume in lungs air volume in lungs based on time

Static Lung Volume tidal volume vital capacity residual volume functional residual capacity inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume total lung capacity

Dynamic Lung Volume forced expiratory volume in one second forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. The pons and medulla control breathing. 2. Static lung volume involves time. 3. Muscles contract in inspiration. 4. Larger gas volume, higher pressure. 5. Gas moves from low to high pressure.

Respiratory Disorders and Diseases Chapter 9: The Respiratory System Lesson 9.3 Respiratory Disorders and Diseases

Respiratory Disorders and Diseases upper respiratory tract illnesses lower respiratory tract illnesses chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases asthma lung cancer

Upper Respiratory Tract Illnesses

Upper Respiratory Tract Illnesses avoiding URIs cover when sneezing and coughing wash hands don’t touch hands to eyes, nose, mouth influenza vaccine icyimage/Shutterstock.com

Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses acute bronchitis inflammation pneumonia infection tuberculosis

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases causes smoking living with COPD stop smoking purse-lipped breathing

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases emphysema decreased lung surface area pink puffers chronic bronchitis inflammation obstructs airways blue bloaters

Asthma asthma attack inflamed and narrowed airways bronchospasms caused by allergens or irritants treatment relaxes muscles to expand airways xavier gallego morel/Shutterstock.com

Lung Cancer more deaths from lung cancer than other cancers non-small cell lung cancer more common lung cancer small cell lung cancer less common lung cancer

Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks with: small cell, bronchospasms, decreased lung surface area, or infection. 1. An asthma attack includes _______________. 2. A symptom of emphysema is _______________. 3. The more common lung cancer is _______________. 4. Tuberculosis is caused by _______________.