1. Respiratory Review

2. Nares
Septal Cartilage
Warm
Humidify
Filter (trap debris)
Paranasal sinuses
Speech
Pharynx
Larynx
Tonsils

3. Nostrils Nasal Cavity Posterior Nasal Aperture
(Choanae)
Pharynx: Nasopharynx adenoids oropharynx
laryngopharynxx
Epiglottis vocal cords
Trachea carina

4. F. Diffusion
G.Higher Concentration
H. Lower Concentration
B. Air of alveoli to capillary bed
E. Capillary blood to tissue cells
J. Tissue cells to capillary bed
D. Capillary blood to alveolar air
C. Carbon dioxide-poor and oxygen rich
I. Oxygen Poor and carbon-dioxide rich

5. Study Checklist Three major functions of the respiratory system
Identify major structures of the respiratory system and their functions
Site and method for gas exchange
Mechanics of breathing (inspiration vs. expiration)
Control of Breathing
Respiratory Adjustments
Mechanisms of Voice Production
Measuring Lung Volume

6. Three major functions? Warm (Capillaries) Moisten (Mucous)
Filter (Cilia)
In addition to being highly concentrated in capillaries, nasal cavity membranes also has many sensory nerve endings (triggers sneeze reflex)

7. Major structures of the respiratory system
Sinuses
Nares
Nasal Spetum
Nasal cavity
Conchae
Hard Palate
Soft Palate
Epiglottis
Pharynx (Throat)
Hyoid Bone
Larynx (Voice Box)
Thyroid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
Vocal Folds
Trachea (Windpipe)
Lungs
Pleura
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli (Site of gas exchange)
Diaphragm

9. Site and Method for Gas Exchange
Alveoli
Cause?
Diffusion
Be able to describe roles of the bronchioles and capillaries in regulation (Help video:

10. Mechanics of ventilation (inspiration vs. expiration)

11. Control of Breathing Location of the neural respiratory centers?
Pons & Medulla
Chemical Control?
Chemoreceptor detection of CO2 levels
Pressure Control?
Mechanoreceptors in lungs

12. Respiratory Adjustments
Exercise?
Increased need for oxygen causes increased rate of ventilation
Altitude?
Increased altitude has decreased atmospheric pressure  less oxygen available. Can lead to acute mountain sickness. (Symptoms include headaches, shortness of breath, nausea, dizziness)

13. Voice Production Length and tension of cords change pitch
Faster vibration = higher pitch
Male vocal cords become longer and thicker during puberty.
slower vibration = lower pitch (voice deepening)
Chambers of pharynx, oral, nasal, and sinus cavities amplify and enhance sound quality
Sound is “shaped” into language by muscles of the pharynx, tongue, soft palate, and lips

14. *Be able to match terms to definition and to graph
Measuring Lung Volume
Vital Capacity-Maximum amount of air moved in and out of the lungs
Tidal volume-amount of air that you move in and out of your lungs while breathing normally is called.
Expiratory reserve - amount of air that remains in the lungs after exhaling normally but which can be expelled
Residual volume - amount of air in the lungs cannot be expelled
*Be able to match terms to definition and to graph