1. Understand the Functions of the Respiratory System

2. Understand the functions of the Respiratory System Essential question
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
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3. Functions of the Upper Respiratory System Structures
Nose
Air enters the respiratory system through two oval openings called nostrils
Sinuses
Responsible for warming and filtering the air, also the resonance in the voice
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4. Functions of the Upper Respiratory System Structures
Pharynx
Common passageway for air and food
a.k.a. the throat
Epiglottis
Muscular flap that closes over the larynx to prevent food from entering trachea
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5. Functions of the Upper Respiratory System Structures
Larynx
Produces sound
a.k.a the voice box
Contains vocal cords
Trachea
Ciliated mucous membrane for passage of air to lungs
a.k.a. the windpipe 5

6. Functions of Lower Respiratory Structures: Trachea
Bronchi:
lower ends of trachea divide into right & left bronchi to enter both lungs
Bronchial tubes: branches off of bronchi moving air to bronchioles
Bronchioles: branches off of bronchial tubes moving air to alveoli
Alveoli:
inner surfaces covered with surfactant that keeps the alveoli from collapsing (STICKY)
each alveoli is surrounded by capillaries where the gases are exchanged
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7. Functions of Lower Respiratory Structures
Lungs
Pleura:
one of the double walled sacs the protect the lungs. Pleural cavity is filled with pleural fluid to prevent friction
Mediastinum: interpleural space
Diaphragm:
seals the thorax so lungs can expand and allow for gas exchange
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8. Functions of the Respiratory System
Respiration (breathing)
Production of sound
What is the relevance to your health?
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9. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system
Breathing
Process of breathing.
External respiration
Process of taking air in and out of the lungs (bring air in from external environment
Internal respiration
Process of O2 and CO2 being exchanged between the cells.
Exhalation
Inhalation
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10. Breathing 1 inspiration + 1 expiration = 1 respiration
How many times does a normal adult breath per minute?
14-30 respirations/min (per minute)
Calculate your respirations
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11. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system
Control of breathing
Neural Factors
Explain the role of the Medulla Oblongata
Part of brain responsible for breathing
An increase or decrease in gases in blood will trigger respiratory center
What does the Phrenic Nerve do?
Controls diagram and intercostal muscles
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12. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system
Control of breathing
Chemical Factors
What are the chemical factors involved in breathing?
Chemoreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries sensitive to the amount of O2 in blood
Compare to NEURAL FACTORS.
Neural is brain, chemo is blood
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13. Respiratory Movements
Compare respiratory movements.
Coughing:
deep breath followed by forceful expulsion of air to clear the lower respiratory tract
Hiccups:
spasm of the diaphragm and spasmodic closure of the glottis
Sneezing: air forced through nose to clear respiratory tract
Yawning: deep prolonged breath that fills lungs, increases blood O2
Why do they occur?
Chemo or Neural trigger
Which is which?? 13

14. Types of breathing Eupnea: normal, easy breathing
Apnea: without breathing
Dyspnea: difficulty breathing
Tachypnea: is an abnormally rapid and shallow rate of of breathing 14

15. 2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system
Types of breathing
Hyperpnea:
increase in depth and rate of breathing with abnormal respiratory movements
Orthopnea:
difficulty or labored breathing when the body is in a horizontal position (laying down)
Hyperventilation:
rapid breathing occurs which causes the body lose carbon dioxide too quickly
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16. Lung Capacity and Volume
Tidal volume:
amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath. The normal amount is about 500 ml
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV):
Amount of air you can force a person to take in over and above the tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV):
Amount of air you can force a person to exhale
over and above the tidal volume
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17. Lung Capacity and Volume
Vital lung capacity:
Total amount of air involved with tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume: amount of air that cannot be voluntarily expelled from the lungs.
Functional residual capacity:
sum of the expiratory reserve volume plus
the residual volume.
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18. Lung capacity and volume
Total lung capacity
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve
Expiratory reserve
Residual air
Sample
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