1. Respiratory System

2. Respiratory System Anatomy

3. Respiratory System Anatomy
Upper Tract
–Nose, sinuses pharynx, larynx
Lower Tract-
trachea, bronchi, & lungs

4. Respiratory System Anatomy
UPPER RESPIRATORY
Nose: External; oxygen enters the body.
Pharynx: Serves as a passageway for food AND air. (Throat)
Larynx: Voicebox

5. What do you see?

7. Sinuses
-air spaces in skull to reduce weight -open into nasal cavities -also lined with mucous membrane
*Any mucous membrane can become infected or inflamed. In your sinuses this condition is know as sinusitis. Sinus headaches occur when the passage to the sinus is blocked with mucus or inflamed tissue.

8. UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Larynx: Voice box

9. -epiglottis
a flap of tissue that covers your glottis when you swallow and blocks food from getting into your larynx

10. Lower Respiratory Tract
Trachea: Windpipe; Leads oxygen to lungs.
Bronchi: Division of the trachea; Attaches to lungs.
Lungs: Large respiratory organs; Run from the clavicles to the diaphragm
Alveoli: Air sacs in the lungs.

12. Respiratory System Physiology

13. External Respiration
External Respiration: External air is drawn into the lungs to supply oxygen and used air is expelled from the lungs to remove CO2.

14. Internal Respiration
Gas exchange between blood & tissue (CO2 is removed from blood & replaced with O2).

15. Mechanics of Breathing
Inspiration: Air flow into the lungs (inhaling)
Expiration: Air leaving the lungs (exhaling)

16. Inspiration Intercostal muscles contract
Sternum & ribs moves upward & outwards
Diaphragm flattens
Increase volume of the thoracic cavity

17. Expiration Intercostal muscles relax
Sternum & ribs move downward & inward.
Diaphragm relaxes forming a bell shape.
Volume in thoracic cavity decreases.

18. Respiratory Volume & Capacity
Tidal Volume: The amount of oxygen taken in with a regular breath. (Sitting in class)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume: Oxygen that can be taken in forcibly over the tidal volume. (Before blowing up balloon)
Expiratory Reserve Volume: The amount of oxygen that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal expiration. (While blowing up balloon)
Vital Capacity: Total amount of exchangeable oxygen.
TV + IRV + ERV = VC

19. Voice Production Relies on:
Respiration
Phonation
Resonation
When we speak we place more emphasis on our inhalation muscles and speak long on our exhaled air.
Too much pressure or too little pressure can cause the voice to sound strained.

20. Common Disorders
Emphysema: Alveoli enlarge and lungs lose their elasticity. Difficult to exhale.
Bronchitis: Respiratory passages fill with excessive amounts of mucus.
Lung Cancer: Cancer usually caused by smoking.
Asthma: Difficulty breathing usually caused by allergies, exercise, or anxiety.