Sexually Transimitted Diseases

Gonorrhea Cause bacteria (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) Mode of transfer Primary infection site is in cervix from intercourse Can travel to blood stream to infect major organs (eyes, mouth, heart, liver, reproductive organs) Incidence – see next slide Symptoms Male – asymptomatic, painful urination, discharge Female – asymptomatic, painful urination, discharge, fever, pelvic pain Complications sterility, ectopic pregnancy, predisposed to UTIs, major organs affected, vision loss in newborn, PID in women, facilitates transmission of HIV Treatment cured with antibiotics (high antibiotic resistance)

Gonorrhea

Chlamydia Cause bacteria (Chlamydia trachomatis) Mode of transfer contracted through intimate touching, genital-to-genital contact, vaginal sex, anal sex, child birth can be spread to different parts of one’s own body with contaminated fingers. Non-treated swimming pools Incidence Leading reportable bacterial infection in US See next slide Symptoms Male – thin, gray-white penile discharge; painful testes Female – vaginal discharge and bleeding; abdominal pain Complications Infertility, ectopic pregnancy, PID, facilitates transmission of HIV, pregnant women infected with chlamydia can pass the infection to their infants during delivery, potentially resulting in neonatal ophthalmia and pneumonia Treatment antibiotic

Chlamydia

Syphillis Cause bacteria Treponema pallidum Mode of transfer Sexual intercourse, kissing Enter body via microscopic abrasions or mucous membranes (genitalia, rectum, mouth) Spreads through bloodstream Incidence – see next slide Symptoms Primary infection – chancre appears (lasts 2-6 weeks) Secondary – rash develops; fetus infected (miscarriage or congenital syphillis) Tertiary – large vessels damaged, neuronal damage leading to insanity Complications Miscarriage, insanity, , facilitates transmission of HIV Treatment antibiotic (Penicillan)

Effects of Syphilis                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

Genital Herpes Cause HSV 1 (Herpes Simplex Virus 1): cold sore HSV 2 (Herpes Simplex Virus 2): STD Mode of transfer Sexual transmission, oral-genital contact Transmission greatest at beginning of active stage Can transmit when inactive Symptoms itching, burning pain at infection site; tiny red blisters that rupture causing ulcer Complications Increases risks of contractracting HIV; If mother has primary infection during birth, can cause fetal death Treatment No cure, but medication to treat symptoms and decrease transmission risk

Herpes

HPV Cause Human Papilloma Virus 40 different strains Mode of transfer Sexual intercourse, oral-genital and genital-genital Symptoms Asymptomatic Immune system can get rid of HPV within 2 years, but not a definite Some strains cause genital warts Complications Some strains can develop into cervical cancer after 10-15 years Incidence Most common STD Occurs in 50% of sexually active individuals Treatment Detected with annual papsmear No test for males Vaccine – only against strains that cause cancer

Genital Warts                                                                                                                                        

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Cause virus Mode of transfer sexual contact -- including oral, vaginal, and anal sex blood -- through blood transfusions, accidental needlesticks, or needle sharing mother to child -- a pregnant woman can transmit the virus to her fetus through their shared blood circulation, or a nursing mother can pass it to her baby in her breast milk Symptoms may not have any symptoms for up to 10 years, but they can still pass the infection to others. After you come in contact with the virus, it can take up to 3 months for a blood test to show that you have HIV. Complications Cancers, weight loss, dementia, Opportunistic infections Treatment Drug cocktail

Trichomoniasis Caused by parasite Genital area only Female: itching, odor, burning, swelling, discharge Male: itching, burning, discharge Treat with antibiotic

Bacterial Vaginosis overgrowth of harmful bacteria in vagina sometimes accompanied by discharge, odor, pain, itching, or burning Treat with antibiotics most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age BV can increase a woman's susceptibility to other STDs increased risk Having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners Douching not clear what role sexual activity plays Women do not get BV from toilet seats, bedding, swimming pools, or from touching objects around them. Women who have never had sexual intercourse may also be affected.