1. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Biology 3201: Unit 2, Reproduction and Development

2. What are STIs? Sexually Transmitted Infections
Transmitted mainly through sexual contact
Most caused by viruses or bacteria
Most are curable, some only treatable
Curable: Can be cured with medication
Treatable: NOT curable; but symptoms can be managed with medication

3. What are they??
The most common (and the ones that you need to know for the purposes of this course) are:
HIV/AIDS
Chlamydia
Hepatitis B
Genital Herpes
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
We will take a closer look at each

4. HIV and AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
The virus attaches the immune system
Level of helper T cells in the blood decreases
Makes person more susceptible to a number of different infections
The other infection is what makes you sick and can cause death

5. Transmission of HIV Sexual contact Sharing of needles among drug users
Vaginal intercourse
Anal/rectal intercourse
And oral – genital contact
NOT kissing
Sharing of needles among drug users
Blood transfusions
Today most blood is closely screened
Breast feeding

6. AIDS Development Occurs in 3 stages STAGE A STAGE B
Last for roughly a year
No symptoms, but can infect others
Remain healthy
STAGE B
6 to 8 years
When body cannot replace T- cells

7. A number of symptoms start to occur
Swelling of lymph nodes
Weight loss
Night sweats
Fatigue
Fever
Diarrhea
Infections

8. STAGE C: This stage is considered fully developed AIDS
Suffers nervous disorders
Pneumonia
Skin cancer
If not appropriate, aggressive treatment, death within 7 to 9 years

9. Chlamydia Caused by a bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis
In 2001 there were cases reported in Canada
Rising dramatically , 2009 there were cases
Most common in people between age 15 and 24
Affects both male an females and can cause serious permanent damage
Transmitted through sexual intercourse
Vaginal, anal, or oral
Do not have to ejaculate

10. Symptoms Known as “silent” infection In Women Asymptomatic
If symptoms, may be weeks or months after transmission
In Women
Abnormal vaginal discharge
Burning sensation during urination
If not treated, travels up uterus and oviducts and cause PID
Pelvic inflammitory disease
Severe pelvic and abdominal pain
Leads to infertility

11. May also affect anus and throat
In Men:
Discharge from penis
Burning sensation when urinating
Pain and swelling in both testicles
May also affect anus and throat
In anus can cause:
Rectal pain
Discharge
bleeding

13. Treatment
Up to 75% of all chlamydia cases are not detected by the individual unit irreversible damage is done
If not treated in females:
Ulcers on the cervix
Increased risk of aids
PID
Blocked oviducts
Ectopic prenancy
infertility

14. Effective, easy tests to hlep diagnose early
In Males
Blocked/damaged vas deferens
Effective, easy tests to hlep diagnose early
Successfully with antibiotics
No perminant effects
NEW CONCERNS

15. Hepatitis B An infection that causes by a virus
Other types of Hepatitis viruses, only B related to reproductive system
Spread through sexual contact, blood transfusions, and exchange of body fluids
Causes liver inflamation, vomiting, jaundice, and even death
Liver cirrhosis and cancer
NO CURE

16. Symptoms Overall poor health Loss of apetit Nasuea Vomiting Body aches
Fever
Dark urine
May be entirely asymptomatic

17. Infection tends to have periods of liver inflamation and jaundice and periods of no symptoms
Vaccines for all 3 strains of hepatitis are available

19. Genital Herpes Viral infection. Two types: HSV 1 HSV2
Herpes Simplex 1 (HSV1)
Herpes Simplex 2 (HSV2)
HSV 1
Causes cold sores and fever blisters around the mouth
HSV2
Genital herpes and is acquired through sexual contact

20. Symptoms Tingling or ithcing
Blisters on gentials, buttocks, thighs, or internal tissues that rupture
Flu like symptoms
Outbreaks triggered by fever, stress, sunlight, intercourse or foods

22. Syphilis Caused by a bacteria called Treponema pallidum
Infection occurs in 3 stages:
Stage 1
Ulcerated sores with hard edges appearing at the site
Stage 2
Rash appears
Could be anywhere on skin
Usually on palms of hands and soles of feet
Stage 3
Affects cardiovascular and nervous system

23. Stage 3 symptoms can include:
Mental illness
Blindness
A shuffled walk
Heart disease
Large ulcers called Gummas on the skin or internal organs
Can be cured with antibiotics

26. Gonorrhea Caused by bacteria called Neiserria gonorrhoea
Can cause infection of the urethra, cervix, rectom and throat
Symptoms
Pain during urination
Greenish yellow discharge from urethra
Blocked oviducts
Infections of joints, heart valves and brain
Same in males and females
Treatable with antibiotics

28. Prevention Save sex Education Abstinence
Limit number of sexual partner
Think of it this way If you have sex with them you are having sex with everyone bodily fluids that they had sex with
Only 100% safe method is abstinence