AP Human Geography Lesson 2 Why People Migrate

Forced Migration A government or authority imposing involuntary migration Atlantic Slave Trade Largest number of slaves were sent to Brazil Turks and Greeks Australia Palestinians Founding of Georgia Trail of Tears Soviet Union

Voluntary Migration Migrant weighs options and chooses to migrate Decision to migrate can be especially hard for families Cooperative Conflict Bargaining Process People with the most power and responsibility in households have the most say

Push and Pull Factors Push Factors Pull Factors Help a migrant decide to leave a place Pull Factors Help a migrant choose a place to go Do these impact forced Migration?

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration Every migration flow generates a return or counter-migration. The majority of migrants move a short distance. Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big- city destinations Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas. Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults.

Types of Push and Pull Factors Economic Poverty Political Oppressive Regimes Vietnam Armed Conflict and War Yugoslavia Rwanda Environmental Irish Potato Famine Culture and Tradition When people fear their cultures and traditions will not survive a major political transition India/Pakistan

Other factors impacting Voluntary Migration Distance Decay “spatial interaction between places is directly related to the population size and inversely related to the distance between them” The effects of distance on interaction Greater distance, less interaction Step Migration Migration in a series of stages en route to the final destination Intervening Opportunity The presence of a closer opportunity which diminishes the attractiveness of the original destination

Role of Family in Migration Kinship Links Family and friends who have already migrated to an area Chain Migration Migration through kinship links Family members in the new location tell others about how great it is Immigration Waves Swells in migration from one place to the same destination What are some we have witnessed in the U.S.?