Journal 1.14 Title – Crusades Can something be a success and a failure? Explain Any examples?

J.K. Rowling J.K. Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter novels was waitressing and on public assistance when she was writing the first installment of what would become one of the best selling series in history. The book was rejected by a dozen publishers. The only reason it got published at all was because the CEO's eight year old daughter begged him to publish it.  “Failure meant a stripping away of the inessential.” - J.K. Rowling

Michael Jordan It might come as a shock, but the man who became what many would call the best basketball player of all time didn't make his high school basketball team. “I have missed more than 9,000 shots in my career. I have lost almost 300 games. On 26 occasions I have been entrusted to take the game winning shot, and I missed. I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed.” - Michael Jordan

Thomas Edison Thomas Edison was both hearing impaired and fidgety. He only lasted three months in school where his teachers said he was "too stupid to learn anything." He eventually was home schooled by his mom. In talking about his invention of the light bulb, he said: “I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that do not work.” - Thomas Edison

Ludwig van Beethoven His early skills at music and the violin were decidedly less than impressive. His teachers thought him hopeless. It was his father who saw the potential in him and took over his education. Beethoven slowly lost his hearing throughout his life and yet, four of his greatest works were composed when he was completely deaf. "Beethoven can write music, thank God, because he can't do anything else!" - Ludwig van Beethoven

Oprah Winfrey Her childhood was frightful and filled with horrible abuse and abject poverty. But, like most successful people, Oprah doesn't dwell on stuff like that.  "I don’t think of myself as a poor deprived ghetto girl who made good. I think of myself as somebody who from an early age knew I was responsible for myself, and I had to make good." - Oprah Winfrey

East Meets West The Crusades

The Crusades History’s Most Successful FAILURE

During the Middle Ages the Catholic Church had risen in power Background During the Middle Ages the Catholic Church had risen in power After the fall of Rome, the Eastern portion of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire

Many were uncertain where life would lead them and many tragic events lead people to have a higher believe in GOD (Rise of Christianity)

Background- Causes Jerusalem was a holy land for the Christians and each year many come to visit (pilgrimages) The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) controlled that land and the amount of visitors grew too much that they began not allowing visitors It was also believed that the increase in Muslim power would threaten the Byzantine Capital of Constantinople

Jerusalem

Pope Urban II and his call 1093- Byzantine Emperor Alexius wanted help to save Constantinople from Turks  asks Church 1095- Pope Urban II issues a call for a “holy” war or Crusade to capture the Holy land (Palestine) back from Muslims Pope assured that those that die in Crusade will have a place in Heaven

GOAL: Crusades  recapture the holy land from Muslims

Map of Crusades

1st Crusade- 1096 Crusaders capture Jerusalem 1187- Jerusalem falls back to Muslim rule

Crusade # 2 Fails to recapture city

Second Crusade (1147-1149) Saladin leads the Muslim Turks to victory, defeating the Christians * He was considered a very wise ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly chivalry.

Third Crusade Led by Richard the Lionhearted- King of England Despite war, eventually they came to a truce with Saladin, leader of Muslims Christians (unarmed) would be allowed in city

The Crusades = 7-8 total The next 4 were unsuccessful in recapturing city. But there were other crusades….

Children’s Crusade - 1212 20,000 – 30,000 children went out Most died of disease, starvation and others were sold to slavery

Spanish Crusade- The Inquisition 1400 kick Muslims/ non Christians out of Spain Reconquisita- Re –conquering of Spain Inquisition – court used to suppress heresy (anyone different from teachings of Church) Like a witch hunt against those not Christians

Why did the Crusades fail? After the 1st attempt, each attempt was weaker with less emphasis on winning People soon became about making money and getting goods Stealing from Byzantine and Islamic

Effects of Crusades Showed power of Church Increased trading between East and West --> will lead to massive Cultural Diffusion Lead to the Commercial Revolution Muslim bitterness and hatred toward Christians Constantinople (Istanbul) eventually falls to Turks

Effect of Crusades Increased trading helped business flourish Merchants increased

The growth of Trade: As time passed trade began to expand and business began to grow leading to the Commercial Revolution

Why did business start picking up?

Guild System Protected businesses and allowed them to grow

What was traded? - cloth - dyes - leather

How will increased trading effect society? -More $$ available -Merchants get increased power taxes increase to king King no longer need to give land for loyalty, instead can give money -Growth of cities Move back to cities to trade

Results of Commercial Revolution Businesses grow End of Feudalism decline/ Serfdom  kings gain power Trading increases  Age of exploration?? Banking Growth of merchants and middle class

So do we need feudalism to keep people loyal? Commercial revolution means end of feudalism People can live and survive without farming

Banking is fixed Fixing the “coinage” problem: -Merchants developed notes of credit