Biology Study Session First Semester

$100,000 Biology Pyramid

Contains chloroplasts, lacks centrioles, cell walls made of cellulose Answer: Plant Cell Occurs in cytoplasm of cells, break down chemical bonds to release energy, used to make yogurt Answer: Lactic Acid Fermentation

Water moves into the cell, cytolysis may occur, solution in which the concentration of dissolved particles is lower compared to the inside of the cell Answer: Hypotonic Solution Also known as the Calvin Cycle, it is the reaction where glucose is produced in photosynthesis Answer: Dark Reaction

Ask a question, Collect information, Form a hypothesis, Perform an experiment, Observe & record data, Analyze data, State a conclusion, Communicate the results Answer: Steps of the scientific method Deserts, tropical rain forest, tundra, taiga Answer: Types of biomes Curious about the world, logical, skeptical, persistent Answer: Characteristics of a good scientist

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase Answer: Stages of Mitosis Structural, Developmental, Behavioral, Genetic, Biochemical Similarities Answer: Methods used to classify organisms Disease, competition, predators, parasites, food Answer: Density dependent limiting factors

Name That Term

The maximum number of a species that can live in a given area Answer: carrying capacity The variable that is measured to see if any change occurred Answer: dependent variable The type of cell division that occurs in prokaryotes such as bacteria Answer: binary fission Stable internal environment Answer: homeostasis

Organisms that look alike and can breed and produce fertile offspring in a natural setting Answer: species The type of protein which lacks some of the essential amino acids Answer: incomplete proteins First species to appear during primary succession Answer: pioneer species Glucose and cellulose are examples of this type of compound Answer: Carbohydrates

An organism that eats only plant matter Answer: Herbivore The start of any food chain Answer: Producer The clarity of an image Answer: Resolution The population growth represented by a J-shaped curve Answer: exponential growth

Cellular Respiration & Fermentation Releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen In mitochondria 38 ATP’s Slow-but efficient CO2 & H2O Release energy from food in the absence of oxygen In cytoplasm 2 ATP’s Fast-but not efficient Two types Lactic Acid & Alcoholic

Lactic Acid vs. Alcoholic Conducted by animals, some bacteria, and a few plants Waste product = lactic acid Uses – yogurt, cheese, & soy sauce Conducted by bacteria and yeast Waste products = ethyl alcohol & carbon dioxide Uses – making beer and wine, gasoline additives, breads & bakery products

Respiration vs. Photosynthesis To covert light energy into stored chemical energy (glucose) Occurs in chloroplasts Reactants are water, carbon dioxide, and light energy Products are glucose and oxygen Chlorophyll is required Process that releases energy from glucose molecules Occurs in mitochondria Reactants are glucose and oxygen Products are water, carbon dioxide, and 38 ATP

Light vs. Dark Reacions Occurs all day and for a short time into the dark as long as there is ATP and NADPH+ Makes glucose Absorbs carbon dioxide from air and combines it with hydrogen from light reaction Occurs in the presence of light Light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and splits water Oxygen is released H+ ion picked up by NADP for dark reaction

Organic Compounds Lipids Fats, waxes, oils Long term energy storage Carbohydrates Sugars and starches Quick supply of energy Proteins Enzymes, keratin, hemoglobin Cell growth and maintenance Nucleic Acids DNA & RNA Store genetic information & control cellular activity

Level of Organization Cell – structural unit of life Tissue – group of cells ex. Muscle tissue Organ – group of tissues ex. Heart, stomach Organ System- group of organs ex. digestive Organism – a living individual ex. Dog, human Population- one species in a given area Community- group of populations in an area Biome- a complex community that covers large areas and is characterized by distinct climate Biosphere- Earth and the layer surround it in which all living things are found – land, sea, air

Which Organelle am I?

I am where protein synthesis occurs Answer: Ribosome I carry out cellular respiration Answer: Mitochondria I contain enzymes to help break down wastes Answer: Lysosomes I am a system of membranes that serve as a transportation system Answer: ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum

I produce spindle fibers in animal cells Answer: Centrioles I produce ribosomes Answer: nucleolus I package and ship proteins for the cell Answer: Golgi complex I allow particles to move in and out of the cell Answer: Plasma membrane

Passive vs. Active Transport No energy required From a high to low concentration Examples: diffusion and osmosis Facilitated Diffusion –use of transport proteins carrier and channel proteins Energy required From a low to a high concentration Exocytosis – “outside the cell” Endocytosis – “inside the cell” Phagocytosis- engulf Pinocytosis - liquids

How do cells divide?

2 daughter cells

Food Web

Any Questions????? STUDY, STUDY, STUDY GOOD LUCK ON YOUR EXAM!!!