1. You Asked for it…..
Biology REVIEW

2. biomolecules Building Block Uses Examples Test Carbohydrate
Simple sugars
Ready source of energy
Glucose
Glycogen
Cellulose
Starch
STARCH turns black in iodine
SUGARS turns orange in Benedict’s Solution
Protein
Amino acids
Transport
Speed up reactions
Immunity
Cell communication
Enzymes (-ase)
Hemoglobin
Antibodies
Protein hormones (insulin)
Turns purple in Biuret Solution
Lipid
Fatty Acids
Back up energy source
In membrane
Fats, oils
Leaves oily spot on brown paper bag
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
Store and transmit genetic info
DNA, RNA
DNA stains (methylene blue)

3. CELLS EUKARYOTIC PROKARYOTIC
Eukaryotic cells have their DNA surrounded by a membrane.  (They have a nucleus). 
Two examples shown are plant cells and animal cells, but fungi and protists are also eukaryotic
Notice, plants have chloroplasts (for photosynthesis) and cell walls made of cellulose. Animal cells don't have these parts.  Also, plant cells have a larger vacuole for storage. 
Both plants and animals have mitochondria to make ATP.
All eukaryotic cells have ribosomes to make protein
These cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells have DNA and ribosomes, but they have no internal membranes! (They don't have a nucleus)
They have ribosomes to make proteins
These are the simplest cells
Examples are bacteria, like those that cause strep throat.

4. The plasma membrane surrounds EVERY cell.
CELL MEMBRANE
The plasma membrane surrounds EVERY cell.
It is made of lipid and protein
It controls what goes in and out of a cell.
Associated with HOMEOSTASIS

5. Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport CELL TRANSPORT
Movement from high to low concentration
No energy required
Osmosis
Movement of water from high to low WATER concentration across a membrane
Active Transport
Movement from LOW concentration to HIGH concentration
USES ATP

6. Enzymes are specific for reactions bind to substrate at active site
are not changed in the reaction
speed up reactions
are made of PROTEIN
are reusable

7. Photosynthesis and Respiration
Converts sunlight to chemical energy
Converts energy in food (glucose) to ATP
Cellular Respiration
Takes place in mitochondrion
Releases energy stored in glucose to make ATP
AKA aerobic respiration (NEEDS oxygen)

8. AEROBIC vs AnAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Requires oxygen
Makes A LOT of ATP
Produces carbon dioxide and water
Happens in mitochondrion
Does not use oxygen
Makes only 2 ATP
Small amount of ATP
Also called fermentation
YEASTS make ethyl alcohol
BACTERIA and MUSCLE CELLS (w/o O2) make LACTIC ACID
Happens in cytoplasm (cytosol)

9. Atp cYCLE
CLICK THE ICON FOR SOUND

10. Asexual vs Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Adds genetic variation
Involves meiosis and fertilization
TWO parents involved
Diploid and haploid cells
Creates identical copies (clones)
Only involves MITOSIS
ONE parent involved
Common in bacteria and unicellular protists

11. Mitosis and Meiosis One division Two divisions 2n  2n 2n  n
(same number of chromosomes)
Results in 2 genetically identical cells
Two divisions
2n  n
Half the number of chromosomes
Results in 4 DIFFERENT haploid cells
Forms gametes (egg and sperm)