1. The Cell
PA State Standards

2. What is a cell?
The basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
The basic building block of all organisms.

3. What are organelles? Humans have organs Cells contain organelles
These organelles are like tiny organs inside a cell.
For example: A nucleus acts like the brain of the cell.
Nucleus

4. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things
Living cells come only from other living cells.

5. Organization of an organism

6. The Cell
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane

7. The Cell Cell Membrane: 1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Controls the movement of
material into & out
of the cell
3. Selectively Permeable – chooses what enters and exits the cell

8. Cell Membrane
Controls the movement of materials in to and out of the cell
Selectively Permeable – chooses what goes in and out of cell

9. The Cell Cell Wall: 1. Plant Cells – NOT IN ANIMALS!!
2. Gives plant cells its shape
3. STRONG to provide Structure and support

10. Ticket in the door – 5 points
Number your paper from 1 – 5. Answer the questions.
Who first discovered cells by looking at cork (last name)?
Does an animal cell have a cell wall? Yes or no
Does a plant cell have a cell wall? Yes or no
Does an animal cell have a cell membrane? Yes or no
Does a plant cell have a cell membrane? Yes or no

11. The Cell Cytoplasm: 1. ALL CELLS 2. The ENVIRONMENT of the
cell. All organelles float in it

12. The Cell Nucleus: 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Center of the cell
Control Center
of the cell

13. TWO TYPES OF CELLS PROKARYOTES – DOES NOT contain a NUCLEUS
EUKARYOTES – DOES CONTAIN A NUCLEUS

14. The Cell Nuclear Membrane: 1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Surrounds Nucleus
3. Allows movement in &
out of the nucleus

15. The Cell Chromosomes: 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. 23 PAIRS OR 46 TOTAL
3. Stores Genetic
Information

16. The Cell Mitochondria: 1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. RESPIRATION occurs here
3. Makes ENERGY for the cell. Respiration occurs here (use of oxygen to break down food particles for energy)

17. 2 types of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Requires Oxygen
Water and CO2 are waste products
Food + Oxygen
CO2 + Water + ATP

18. 2 Types of Cellular Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)
Does not require Oxygen (anaerobic)
Yeast cells used to make bread
Creates CO2 (makes bread rise) , alcohol (for beer, wine, champagne)

19. The Cell Vacuoles: 1. Mostly Plant 2. Floating in the cytoplasm
FOOD, WATER, and waste
are STORED here

20. The Cell Ribosomes: 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Found in the
cytoplasm & on E.R.
3. Proteins are made here

21. The Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.): 1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Found throughout
the cytoplasm
3. Transports materials
in the cell (TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

22. The Cell Golgi bodies: 1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Floating in Cytoplasm
3. Package cell materials

23. The Cell Lysosomes: 1. Mostly Animal 2. Floating in the cytoplasm
RECYCLE old or dead
cell parts

24. The Cell Chloroplast: 1. Plant Cells 2. Floating in Cytoplasm
3. Makes food for cell
(Photosynthesis – captures
ENERGY IN SUNLIGHT)
4. Contains CHLOROPHYLL

25. Major differences between a plant and animal cell
Plant cells have a cell wall – animal cells do not.
Plant cells have chloroplasts – animal cells do not
Plant cells have a large vacuole – animal cells do not

26. Cellular Energy Photosynthesis Process where plants use light for food
Step 1: Energy in the form of sunlight is captured by the chlorophyll in the chloroplast
Step 2: Energy captured is changed into food for plant

27. Photosynthesis REMEMBER – PLANTS STILL COMPLETE RESPIRATION!
Sunlight + CO2 + Water
Glucose (food) + O2
REMEMBER – PLANTS STILL COMPLETE RESPIRATION!

28. 2 3 1 4 5 6 10 7 9 8 Review: Is this a plant or animal cell?
Label the numbers 2 3 1 4 5 6 10 7 9 8

29. The Cell 1 2 3 4 5
Nucleolus 10 6 9
Cytoplasm 7 8

32. Cell transport - Diffusion
the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration
Does not require Energy
Equilibrium
when the molecules are even throughout a space

33. Osmosis Osmosis 80 % of cells is water
the diffusion of water (across a membrane)
Water will move in the direction where there is a high concentration of solute (and hence a lower concentration of water)
Does not require Energy

34. Active Transport
Requires Energy (ATP) to carry an object into the cell.
Carry molecules from low conc. to high conc.
Uses Carrier Proteins act like doors to get the object into the cell.
Used to carry minerals into cell (Na, K, Ca)

35. Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Endo = In
Exo = Out
                                                            

36. Mitosis In order for an organism to grow, the cells must divide.
Each new cell is called a daughter cell.