Early Industry Essential Questions: Do Now: Homework: Why did improved transportation help the nations Economy? How did the Industrial Revolution change the economy and way of life? How did the Northern United States change during this time? Do Now: Text pg. 146 #’s 1 and 2 Question: Why did the Industrial Revolution occur mostly in the north? Homework: Land of Cotton pg. 150 Eli Whitney Document in packet

Revolution in Transportation The revolution in transportation led to dramatic social and economic changes.

Revolution in Transportation Roads and Turnpikes The National Road was the only federally funded transportation project of its time Normally states, localities, and private businesses constructed roads. Madison stopped financing the National Road because he believed the federal government should not be involved in making internal improvements with the states.

Revolution in Transportation Steamboats and Canals The construction of thousands of miles of canals and transport and travel by steamboat helped increase trade and grow the economy. The Steamboat created by Robert Fulton and Robert R. Livingston in 1807 made traveling upstream easier and more efficient.

Revolution in Transportation Railroads The development of trains in the early 1800s helped settle the West, stimulate trade, and increase coal production.

New System of Production American Free Enterprise System allowed individuals to make money and decide how to use it without strict government controls encouraged innovation.

New System of Production Technological Advancements A wave of inventions and technological innovations further spurred industrial growth. Eli Whitney Cotton Gin: Machine that separates Cotton from Cotton Seeds more efficiently and faster Interchangeable Parts: uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces. Gun making becomes a factory process Samuel Morse: Telegraph: message sent along cable lines through a series of dots and dashes Morse Code

New System of Production Rise of Large Cities Industrialization drew people to urban areas in search of factory jobs with higher wages greatly increasing the population of cities.

New System of Production Workers Begin to Organize Factory workers began to organize unions to collectively bargain for higher wages, better working conditions, and shorter hours. Labor Unions: an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members’ interests. Strikes: work stoppage by workers to force an employer to meet demands.

Life in the North The population of cities began to increase crime overcrowding public health problems Men of all social classes worked outside the home As cities grew, problems relating to population growth increased. Men worked outside of the home. Working-class women did laundry or sewing to earn money. Most Americans received enough education to learn to read and write. Cities also became homes to escaped enslaved people from the South and free African Americans. Despite industrialization, farming remained the nation’s main economic activity.

Life in the North Poor women worked as servants, factory workers, or took in work that could be done in the home. Northern cities became havens for runaway enslaved people and free African Americans, Most African Americans remained poor. Even though industry and cities expanded in the Northeast, agriculture remained the country’s leading economic activity. As cities grew, problems relating to population growth increased. Men worked outside of the home. Working-class women did laundry or sewing to earn money. Most Americans received enough education to learn to read and write. Cities also became homes to escaped enslaved people from the South and free African Americans. Despite industrialization, farming remained the nation’s main economic activity.

Effects of Industrial Revolution in America The U.S. free enterprise system allowed individuals to make economic choices without a great deal of government control. Waterpower and interchangeable parts made mass production possible. The telegraph eased communications.

Effects of Industrial Revolution in America People flocked to cities to work in new factory jobs. Factory workers organized unions to collectively bargain for shorter hours, better pay, and safer work environments.