1. Industry & Transportation

2. What’s going on?
All major settlements in the US sprang up near a harbor or river b/c water provided the most efficient was to move goods
Overland transportation consisted of:
Carts, wagons, sleighs, and stagecoaches pulled by horse or oxen over dirt roads
Cost just as much moving these goods overland as it did across the ocean.

3. The Transportation Revolution

4. Extended west from Maryland to the Ohio River (present day West Va
Extended west from Maryland to the Ohio River (present day West Va.) in 1818
Made of crushed rock
1st federal highway
Today US-40
National Road

5. Erie Canal Best known canal of the era Completed 1825
Ran 363 miles: NY state from Lake Erie to the Hudson River
Benefits:
Made NYC a major commercial center
Population NYC grew
124,000 in 1820 to 800,00 in 1860
Value of farmland in Great Lakes increased
Reduced the cost to transport goods
1816: 100 miles canals
1840: 3,300 miles

7. Steamboat & Steam-powered Ships
Robert Fulton designed the first commercially successful steamboat (the Clermont)
Benefits:
Cut down travel time
Before: took 4 months to travel 1440 miles from New Orleans to Louisville, Kentucky along Mississippi and Ohio river
After: 20 days then only 6 days
Made upstream travel easier

8. By 1850 could cross the Atlantic in 10-14 days instead of 25-50 days

9. Railroads AKA “Iron Horse” Benefits 1830: 13 miles of track
Why?
Horses pulled the 1st American trains
Benefits
Could carry heavier loads
Cost less
Moved faster
Helped settle the west
1830: 13 miles of track
1860: 31,000 miles of track

14. Birth of the Industrial Revolution
What is the Industrial revolution?
Shift from manual labor to mechanized work
Began in GB 1700s spread to USA around 1800s
Samuel Slater
Moved to USA from GB and give us their secrets
Created nations 1st water-powered textile industry in (cotton thread)

15. Why does Industrialization spread?
Tariff of 1816
During embargo act, Americans had to find alternative ways to get goods
Increase of immigrants
Located mainly in north
Why?
South favored farming and invest in slaves and land
North had more $ and more waterways

16. Lowell Mills Started by Francis Cabot Lowell
Hired only girls to work in factory
Worked 14 hour days, 6 days a week
Recruited from farms
Lived at the mill
Very strict rules on behavior and supervised boarding

18. Sewing Machine Invented 1st practical and successful sewing machine
Patent ended 1867
Made the sewing machine a household name
Invented the 1st sewing machine for commercial and household use

19. Communication Inventions
Samuel F.B. Morse
Invented the electronic telegram
Communication made instantly
By 1860 over 50,000 miles of telegraph lines

20. Farming Inventions Eli Whitney Cotton gin Interchangeable parts
quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds
Interchangeable parts
Identical components that can be used in place of one another
Makes devices almost uniform
MASS PRODUCTION
Exp: clocks, guns, sewing machine

23. John Deere
Steel plow
Cyrus McCormick
Mechanical reaper

24. Take a look at the following Inventions who did they favor the most
Take a look at the following Inventions who did they favor the most? North or South
National road
Erie Canal
Steamboat
Railroads
Factories/Mills
Telegram
Cotton Gin
Interchangeable parts
Steel plow
Mechanical reaper