1. The industrial revolution
Transportation and Market Revolutions

2. The industrial revolution
Started in Great Britain and made its way to America in 1793.
Samuel Slater’s water-powered textile mill in Rhode Island
Success of the IR was aided by four factors:
Transportation was expanded
Power sources were effectively created (water power and steam power)
Improvements made to the industrial process
Protective tariffs (protect developing businesses in America)
New technologies allowed the North (industry), South (cotton), & West (commercial farming) to develop specialized economies.

3. Regional economy: the south
Technology:
In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin making cotton easy to refine & very profitable.
Specialized Regional Economy
By 1820, cotton became the dominant cash crop of the Deep South
The spread of cotton increased slavery & plantation agriculture in the South

4. “King cotton” – the south
Southern cotton was so important to the antebellum economy that is was known as “King Cotton”

5. “King Cotton” – the south
The South provided 75% of the World’s cotton
Southern cotton stimulated the growth of northern textile industry, shipping and marketing.

6. Eli Whitney: the cotton gin
Machine that removed seeds from cotton
Made cotton farming easier and more profitable
Result: more slaves imported to grow cotton

7. Regional economy: the north
Technology:
By 1840, Eli Whitney’s interchangeable parts for muskets & other textile technology led to an Industrial Revolution in the North
Specialized Regional Economy:
Northern factories mass produced textiles, farm equipment, and other finished goods
The growth of factories in the North led to an increase in cities (urbanization)

8. Eli whitney: interchangeable parts
Eli Whitney made muskets using standard parts
Made replacing parts easier because each gun was the same
Same idea was applied to machinery in factories

9. Textile production: the north

10. The north: Lowell mills
The Lowell Mills in Massachusetts were the most famous textile mills
Lowell managers hired young, single, females to work and live at the factory

11. Regional economy: the west
Technology:
Cyrus McCormick’s reaper & John Deere’s steel plow allowed western farmers to grow enough food to sell
Specialized regional economy:
The West became a network of cash-crop farms producing wheat, corn, hogs, & cattle

12. John Deere & the Steel Plow
Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper

13. The industrial revolution
Connecting regional economies into a National Market Economy

14. The market revolution
During the Antebellum Era, these 3 regional economies became connected as a result of:
Henry Clay’s American System (2nd Bank of the U.S., tariff on foreign manufacturing, & national funding for transportation)
A transportation revolution of roads, canals, & early railroads that built America’s infrastructure

15. roads “Paved” roads were made with crushed stone Ex: National Road
Built from
Connected Maryland to Illinois, 620 miles

16. Canals & steamboats
Canals & steamboats helped connect the West & East:
Western farmers could now get industrial farm equipment
Canals & Robert Fulton’s steamboat helped cut shipping costs by 90% for farmers
As a result, western farmers could produce more food & make more profits
The effect of the Erie canal on this country was stunning. Cargo that cost $100 a ton and took two weeks to carry by road could now be moved at $10 a ton in 3½ days.
Robert Fulton’s the Clermont, the 1st steamboat

17. Canals & steamboats
The most important canal was the Erie Canal (1825) because it provided the 1st major link between the East & West
Because the Erie Canal brought so much trade down the Hudson River, New York City became the commercial capital of the U.S.