EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT

Journey to the New World -After Columbus’ discovery of the New World, many settlers from Europe took the journey across the Atlantic Ocean in hopes of a fresh start -Settlers in New England and the Middle Atlantic sought religious freedom, while settlers in Virginia and the South were seeking opportunities to make money -Many English settlers were known as “cavaliers” (English nobles who received grants of land from the King of England) – others were known as indentured servants who agreed to work on farms in exchange for a passage

Roanoke – The Lost Colony -England’s first attempt to colonize the New World took place at Roanoke Island in the Outer Banks, located in present day North Carolina -The colony is first established in 1585, however, the situation was unstable – disease and starvation made life difficult -In 1590 an expedition was sent from England to help the settlers, but upon arrival it was discovered that the colony disappeared without a trace -We’re still unsure what happened

JAMESTOWN – First Permanent English Settlement in North America -Established in 1607 by the Virginia Company of England -Due to harsh living conditions, starvation, and occasional harassment from local Indian tribes, the settlement struggled in its first few years – known as the starving time - The main Indian tribe was the Powhatans, who originally provided food to the settlers but later became angry when the English began to take land

Jamestown continued… -Captain John Smith was the leader of the settlers -He established a “No Work, No Food” policy -His leadership helped the settlers survive the harsh conditions of the land -Did not actually fall in love with Pocahontas

-Despite struggling early on, the colony flourished, Jamestown continued.. -Despite struggling early on, the colony flourished, thanks mainly to the introduction of tobacco -Tobacco was introduced by John Rolfe and made many settlers rich -In the early 1640s the House of Burgesses was created, which was the first elected assembly in the New World – it is today known as the Virginia General Assembly

NATIVE AMERICANS First known inhabitants of the continent Settled across the entire body of land Believed land was alive and could not be owned Barter System Disease

EUROPEAN SETTLERS End of the middle ages led to the Renaissance and new political ideas Nations were formed and competition ensued Each sought a trade route to the East Indies Naval, colonial and expansionary competition grew throughout the next centuries

THE ROOTS OF SLAVERY Beautiful rich and historic heritage of the continent Land was not scarce but people were Slavery evolved as kingdoms competed for servants, they were traded for goods Europeans involved themselves and the system grew rapidly and harsher as time went on Middle Passage Not indentured servitude

COLONIAL ERA

DISCOVERING AMERICA Columbus sails on the Atlantic in search of a trade route America is founded later and goods are brought back to Europe for trade Ravages the Natives Slavery and plantations pick up immediately as crops are a main economic staple New culture of interaction forms right away

EARLY EXPEDITIONS Spain- Southern and Central America Dutch- New York French- Great Plains area English decide to get involved and start settling all over Competition and expansion becomes an issue…Profit is the driving force

BACON’S REBELLION Nathaniel Bacon formed a private army to fight Native Americans Governor tried to stop him, Bacon turned on Jamestown and his people burned it He died of illness People would not stand for government for the rich People would react and make changes

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES The English settled in what would be known as Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine Wars with the Indians Ship building, fishing Manufacturing and trade were major economic actions

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Puritans Religious conflicts caused the first colony in America (Puritans persecuted) Pilgrims fled to America for religious freedom Mayflower Compact- self government Early struggles were helped by the Indians Thanksgiving Salem Witch Trials (No tolerance)

MIDDLE COLONIES New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware Lumber work New York was run by the Dutch until the English took it over in the late 1600’s Named after the Duke of York It was a proprietary colony

MIDDLE COLONIES Quakers Settled in Pennsylvania Practiced religious tolerance, made a haven for faith People of all faith settled there in an attempt to live a life free from persecution

SOUTHERN COLONIES Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas and Georgia Plantations Tobacco cash crop Separate culture forms immediately Slavery Traditional