Starter look at the table on the sheet What was the difference between a church papist and a recusant? What was the difference between a seminary priest and a Jesuit So were all Catholics the same? Were they all a threat? Did things change?

Syllabus Religious developments, change and continuity Note – change and continuity - Catholics and Protestants

The Triumph of Elizabeth 1563-1603 How effectively did the Tudors restore and develop the powers of monarchy? In what ways and how effectively was England governed during this period? How did relations with foreign powers change and how was the succession secured? How far did intellectual and religious ideas change and develop and with what effects? How important was the role of key individuals and groups and how were they affected by developments?

the Catholics threat What was the nature of the threat? Was the level of threat the same throughout the reign? How well did the government deal with the threat? Were the Catholics a threat?

Catholic threat Catholic Threat

Catholic threat Catholic threat Task Add events to points Fear of Catholic uprising Events/relations with France and Spain Catholic threat Role of Seminary priests and Jesuits Fear of Catholic invasion Task Add events to points Government action

Key dates 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1574 1580 1581 1585

Key dates 1568 Mary Q/Scots flees to England 1569 Northern Rebellion, rebellion in Ireland 1570 Excommunication 1571 Three Acts against Catholics 1572 Massacre of St Bartholomew 1574 Seminary priests arrive in England 1580 Jesuits arrive in England 1581 More severe Acts against Catholics 1585 War with Spain. Act against Jesuits & seminary priests

1570s – Seminary priests According to Haigh, Catholic priests unable to re-convert Protestants because work in the north because work with Catholics of lower classes because Did this mean the Jesuits and seminary priests had failed? Discuss this

1580s – Jesuits -Campion Jesuit- executed in 1581 Offered chance of pardon by Elizabeth if he “recanted” (gave up his Catholic faith) Refused – his execution then made him into a martyr and strengthened the faith of other Catholics Jesuits and Campion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEVeagcBhjA from 4.20 to the end http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzMIx_HEBko up to 1.35 Priest holes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWIetw9MC2Q hh

Reasons for Elizabeth’s crackdown on Catholics Rank these events The excommunication of Elizabeth The actions of Philip II Plots (Mary Q/Scots) Events in Ireland, the Netherlands and France The role of seminary priests and Jesuits Fear of Catholic threat to security

Bond of Association – evidence of fear? Drafted by Burghley and Walsingham in panic of 1583 Said anyone who took the oath was bound to murder anyone who threatened to usurp or overthrow the queen. Intended to be taken Haigh’s view that “the Bond of Association was a panic response to an exaggerated threat”

Discuss the following questions as a small group: How much of a threat were Catholics in the 1570s/80s, compared to Catholics in the early part of Elizabeth’s reign, compared to other threats? Overall, how well did Elizabeth deal with the Catholic threat in this period?

Summary In 1558 most Catholics prepared to wait and see, basically loyal to Elizabeth Government turned a blind eye to Catholic practices until excommunication Priests treated more harshly after 1571 –as threat increased and Catholic community strengthened After 1580 Catholics and Catholic priests as political traitors After Armada threat decreased

Which of the following statements is true? After 1581, it was treasonable to be a Catholic priest. Recusants were treated severely from 1581 onwards. Ordinary Catholics were rarely persecuted by the government. As Elizabeth’s reign went on, treatment of Catholics became increasingly strict.

Which of the following statements is true? After 1581, it was treasonable to be a Catholic priest. It was treasonable to convert people the Catholicism Recusants were treated severely from 1581 onwards. More severely – fines to £20 Ordinary Catholics were rarely persecuted by the government. Generally true if loyal As Elizabeth’s reign went on, treatment of Catholics became increasingly strict. Especially of priests

Religious developments, change and continuity So how did Catholicism change? What stayed the same? Needs to be learnt in conjunction with Protestant threat Exam questions How far were the problems posed by Catholics successfully addressed? How serious a threat to Elizabeth and her government were Catholics between 1570 and 1603? The Religious Settlement of 1559 was never effectively challenged. Assess the validity of this view

Throughout her reign, Elizabeth I controlled her Ministers with masterly political skill