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The English Monarchy from :

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Presentation on theme: "The English Monarchy from :"— Presentation transcript:

1 The English Monarchy from 1485-1714:
Tudors and Stuarts

2

3 Henry VII

4 Henry VII Defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field, ending Wars of the Roses in 1485 Suppressed the nobles’ power, destroying independent feudal armies Established Court of Star Chamber Chose many advisors from the middle class, and gained their support Not dependent on Parliament for money, due to frugality and wise revenue policies

5 Henry VIII

6 Henry VIII Broke with Roman Church to annul marriage to Catherine of Aragon By Act of Supremacy (1534), Parliament gave him control of the Church of England Executed two wives and his Lord Chancellor, Thomas More Opposed to, and punished, both Protestants and Catholics loyal to Rome

7 Edward VI

8 Edward VI 1547-1553 Son of Jane Seymour
Only 9 years old when he became king England under the control of the very Protestant Seymour family Died at age 16

9 Mary I

10 Mary I 1553-1558 Daughter of Catherine of Aragon
Devoutly Roman Catholic Marries her cousin, Philip II of Spain Executes over 300 leading Protestants, including Cramner, by burning at the stake: “Bloody Mary” Dies without heir

11 Elizabeth I

12 Elizabeth I 1558-1603 Daughter of Anne Boleyn
Determined to establish unity Sets up Anglican Church Persecuted Roman Catholics and extreme Puritans; otherwise practiced tolerance as a Politique Reigned during period of great literary achievement, especially Shakespeare Executed cousin Mary, Queen of Scots in 1587 for plotting with Spain Defeated Spanish Armada in 1588 Never married

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14 James I                                      

15 James I 1603-1625 Cousin of Elizabeth, son of Mary, Queen of Scots
“The wisest fool in Christendom” Unwilling to support Protestants in 30 Years War Faces increasing opposition from Puritans and Parliament

16 Charles I                                      

17 Charles I 1625-1649 Son of James I
Dismisses Parliament in 1629; rules without them until 1640 Relies on “extra-legal” revenue sources Tries to move church towards Catholicism Faces rebellion in Scotland “Long Parliament,” , severely limits his power Civil War leads to beheading in 1649

18 Charles II                                      

19 Charles II Son of Charles I, invited back from French exile by Parliament “Merry Monarch” eliminates Puritan restrictions Allied with France Extended religious freedom to Catholics Parliament forced him to sign Test Act (1673) barring Catholics from public office Parties form in England: Tories support a strong monarchy and Whigs oppose it

20 James II                                      

21 James II 1685-1688 Brother of Charles II
Catholic with young Catholic wife and two Protestant daughters Ignores Test Act and other restrictions on Catholics Regularly dissolved Parliament Fathers Catholic James III in 1688, provoking the Glorious Revolution

22 (William) and Mary 1689-(1702) 1694

23 William and Mary Oldest, Protestant daughter of James II and Protestant King of the Netherlands Co-Joint rulers Signed Bill of Rights in 1689 Involved England in wars against France Asserted control in Ireland Parliament emerged as center of political power Cabinet system developed

24 Anne

25 Anne 1702-1714 Younger Protestant daughter of James II
Parliamentary system is well established Act of Union in 1707 creates United Kingdom of Great Britain by joining England and Scotland

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