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Rethinking Elizabeth I Dr Anna Whitelock

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1 Rethinking Elizabeth I Dr Anna Whitelock
Semper Eadem? Rethinking Elizabeth I Dr Anna Whitelock @AnnaWhitelock

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3 HENRY VII Founder of stability? New monarch? Restorer or innovator?
Lucky? Ruthless?

4 HENRY VIII Young man- personality politics Ambition War
Break with Rome Imperial Kingship Reformation – ‘Catholicism without the pope?’ Politics and Government Alter Rex? Wolsey/Cromwell?

5 EDWARD VI Boy king/puppet? How to fill his father’s shoes? Threshold of power Relationship with sister Mary Religion Device and Succession Crisis

6 MARY I First Queen Accession Marriage Return to Rome Foreign Policy
Failed pregnancies King Philip/ Co-Monarchy

7 Semper Eadem? ELIZABETH I
Significance of gender/ ‘problem’ of Female Monarchy/Queen’s Two Bodies Debt to her sister Mary: examples and admonitions Elizabeth and Marriage Faction at Court? Foreign policy – aims, success, failures Anglo-Spanish relations Religion: Nature and significance of the Catholic and Puritan threats Threat of Mary Queen of Scots Fears of dynastic security/unsettled succession 1590s: a second reign? A monarchical republic? Overstated success?

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9 Key Events Timeline Nov Queen Mary I dies and Elizabeth becomes Queen Elizabeth I 1559 Coronation of Queen Elizabeth I and Elizabethan Religious Settlement Feb 1559 First Commons petition that Elizabeth marry April 1559 Peace of Cateau-Cambresis June 1559 Death of French king Henri II – succeeded by his son François II (m.MQS) July Treaty of Edinburgh between France, England and Scotland Dec 1560 King Francois II dies 9 Aug return of MQS to Scotland Sept 1562 English support for French Huguenots 1562 Newhaven Expedition Oct 1562 Elizabeth seriously ill with smallpox 1567 Spanish army sent to Low Countries

10 1568 Mary, Queen of Scots, is imprisoned in England after being deposed and fleeing Scotland.
1569 Northern Rebellion 1570 Elizabeth is excommunicated from the Catholic Church by the Pope Ridolfi Plot to assassinate Elizabeth. 1571 Arrival of Catholic missionary priests August Massacre of St Bartholomew May 1575 Archbishop of Canterbury Matthew Parker dies Dec Edmund Grindal becomes Archbishop of Canterbury 1580 Philip II claims Portuguese throne 1580 Arrival of first Jesuit priests 1581 By Act of Parliament Catholics become traitors. 1584 Assassination of William of Orange 1584 Bond of Association and Act for the Queen's Safety

11 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch –English army to Low Countries
1585 Treaty of Nonsuch –English army to Low Countries Babington Plot Feb Mary, Queen of Scots, is executed 1588 Defeat of the Spanish Armada Aug Assassination of King Henri III of France 1591 An English expeditionary force is sent to Brittany July 1593 Henri IV of France converts to Catholicism 1596 Cadiz expedition 1597 Irish rebellion under Hugh O’Neill, earl of Tyrone 1597 Second Spanish Armada defeated Aug 1598 Philip II dies 1601 Essex Rebellion 1601 Poor Law 1603 Death of Queen Elizabeth I and accession of King James I

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17 Any Questions? Dr Anna Whitelock @AnnaWhitelock

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