Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population Change in the United States: Implications for Education, the Labor Force and Economic Development Steve H. Murdock, Director Hobby Center for the Study of Texas and Allyn and Gladys Cline Professor of Sociology Rice University Future of State Universities Conference Dallas ,Texas October 6, 2011 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Total Population and Percent Population Change in Texas and the United States, 1850-2010   Total Population Percent Change Year Texas U.S. 1850 212,592 23,191,876 --- 1860 604,215 31,443,321 184.2 35.6 1870 818,579 39,818,449 35.5 26.6 1880 1,591,749 50,155,783 94.5 26.0 1890 2,235,527 62,947,714 40.4 25.5 1900 3,048,710 75,994,575 36.4 20.7 1910 3,896,542 91,972,266 27.8 21.0 1920 4,663,228 105,710,620 19.7 14.9 1930 5,824,715 122,775,046 24.9 16.1 1940 6,414,824 131,669,275 10.1 7.2 1950 7,711,194 150,697,361 20.2 14.5 1960 9,579,677 179,323,175 24.2 19.0 1970 11,196,730 203,302,031 16.9 13.4 1980 14,229,191 226,545,805 27.1 11.4 1990 16,986,510 248,709,873 19.4 9.8 2000 20,851,820 281,421,906 22.8 13.2 2010 25,145,561 308,745,538 20.6 9.7 Source: Derived from the U.S. Census Bureau decennial census April 1 of reported year. Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Components of Change, U.S. and Texas, 2000-2009   United States Texas Component Numeric Change Percent of Total Change Total Change 25,584,644 100.0 3,930,482 Natural Increase 15,875,579 62.1 2,124,124 54.0 Net Domestic Migration ---- --- 848,702 21.6 Net International Migration 9,709,065 37.9 957,656 24.4 Source: Derived from U.S. Bureau of the Census. 3

Ten States in the United States with the Largest Numeric Population Increase 2000-2010   Change 2000-2010 State 2000 Population 2010 Population Numeric Percent United States 281,421,906 308,745,538 27,323,632 9.7 Texas 20,851,820 25,145,561 4,293,741 20.6 California 33,871,648 37,253,956 3,382,308 10.0 Florida 15,982,378 18,801,310 2,818,932 17.6 Georgia 8,186,453 9,687,653 1,501,200 18.3 North Carolina 8,049,313 9,535,483 1,486,170 18.5 Arizona 5,130,632 6,392,017 1,261,385 24.6 Virginia 7,078,515 8,001,024 922,509 13.0 Washington 5,894,121 6,724,540 830,419 14.1 Colorado 4,301,261 5,029,196 727,935 16.9 Nevada 1,998,257 2,700,551 702,294 35.1 Population values as of April 1, 2000 and April 1, 2010. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Ten States in the United States with the Largest Percentage Population Increase 2000-2010   Change 2000-2010 State 2000 Population 2010 Population Numeric Percent United States 281,421,906 308,745,538 27,323,632 9.7 Nevada 1,998,257 2,700,551 702,294 35.1 Arizona 5,130,632 6,392,017 1,261,385 24.6 Utah 2,233,169 2,763,885 530,716 23.8 Idaho 1,293,953 1,567,582 273,629 21.1 Texas 20,851,820 25,145,561 4,293,741 20.6 North Carolina 8,049,313 9,535,483 1,486,170 18.5 Georgia 8,186,453 9,687,653 1,501,200 18.3 Florida 15,982,378 18,801,310 2,818,932 17.6 Colorado 4,301,261 5,029,196 727,935 16.9 South Carolina 4,012,012 4,625,364 613,352 15.3 Population values as of April 1, 2000 and April 1, 2010. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population of the United States by Regions, 1910-2010 Population in Thousands (Thousands) United States/ Regions 1900 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 United States 76,212 151,326 179,323 203,302 226,546 248,710 281,422 308,746 Northeast 27.6 26.1 24.9 24.1 21.7 20.4 19.0 17.9 Midwest 34.5 29.4 28.8 27.9 25.9 24.0 22.9 South 32.2 31.2 30.7 30.9 33.3 34.4 35.6 37.1 West 5.7 13.3 15.6 17.1 19.1 21.2 22.5 23.3 Population values as of April 1, 2000 and April 1, 2010. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population 2000 and 2010 and Population Change 2000-2010 for the Ten Most Populous Incorporated Places in the United States Place Population Change 2000 2010 Number Percent New York , NY 8,008,278 8,175,133 166,855 2.1 Los Angeles , CA 3,694,820 3,792,621 97,801 2.6 Chicago , IL 2,896,016 2,695,598 -200,418 -6.9 Houston , TX 1,953,631 2,099,451 145,820 7.5 Philadelphia , PA 1,517,550 1,526,006 8,456 0.6 Phoenix , AZ 1,321,045 1,445,632 124,587 9.4 San Antonio , TX 1,144,646 1,327,407 182,761 16.0 San Diego , CA 1,223,400 1,307,402 84,002 6.9 Dallas , TX 1,188,580 1,197,816 9,236 0.8 San Jose , CA 894,943 945,942 50,999 5.7 Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171.

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the United States, 2000 and 2010   Population Population Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent Percent of Total Change NH White 194,552,774 196,817,552 2,264,778 1.2 8.3 69.1 63.7 Hispanic (All Races) 35,305,818 50,477,594 15,171,776 43.0 55.5 12.5 16.3 NH Black 33,947,837 37,685,848 3,738,011 11.0 13.7 12.1 12.2 NH Asian 10,123,169 14,465,124 4,341,955 42.9 15.9 3.6 4.7 NH Other 7,492,308 9,299,420 1,807,112 24.1 6.6 2.7 3.0 Total 281,421,906 308,745,538 27,323,632 9.7 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for the United States, 2000 and 2010   Population Population Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent Percent of Total Change NH White 44,027,087 39,716,562 -4,310,525 -9.8 -228.4 60.9 53.5 Hispanic (All Races) 12,342,259 17,130,891 4,788,632 38.8 253.7 17.1 23.1 NH Black 10,610,264 10,362,183 -248,081 -2.3 -13.1 14.7 14.0 NH Asian 2,420,274 3,176,129 755,855 31.2 40.0 3.3 4.3 NH Other 2,893,928 3,795,702 901,774 47.8 4.0 5.1 Total 72,293,812 74,181,467 1,887,655 2.6 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Metropolitan Central City Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010   Population Population Change Percent of Total Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg NH White 30,849,683 27,506,006 -3,343,677 -10.8 -172.4 55.9 48.2 Hispanic (All Races) 10,972,723 15,001,612 4,028,889 36.7 207.7 19.9 26.3 NH Black 8,908,601 8,775,212 -133,389 -1.5 -6.9 16.2 15.4 NH Asian 2,275,874 2,973,879 698,005 30.7 36.0 4.1 5.2 NH Other 2,144,258 2,833,831 689,573 32.2 35.6 3.9 5.0 Total 55,151,139 57,090,540 1,939,401 3.5 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Metropolitan Suburban Counties In the United States, 2000 and 2010   Population Population Change Percent of Total Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg NH White 3,777,831 3,750,909 -26,922 -0.7 -5.8 78.0 70.7 Hispanic (All Races) 406,567 731,989 325,422 80.0 70.5 8.4 13.8 NH Black 450,858 481,080 30,222 6.7 6.5 9.3 9.1 NH Asian 59,990 101,098 41,108 68.5 8.9 1.2 1.9 NH Other 145,255 237,254 91,999 63.3 19.9 3.0 4.5 Total 4,840,501 5,302,330 461,829 9.5 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

in the United States, 2000 and 2010 Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Non-Metropolitan Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010   Population Population Change Percent of Total Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg NH White 9,399,573 8,459,647 -939,926 -10.0 -183.1 76.4 71.8 Hispanic (All Races) 962,969 1,397,290 434,321 45.1 84.6 7.8 11.9 NH Black 1,250,805 1,105,891 -144,914 -11.6 28.2 10.2 9.4 NH Asian 84,410 101,152 16,742 19.8 3.3 0.7 0.9 NH Other 604,415 724,617 120,202 19.9 23.4 4.9 6.1 Total 12,302,172 11,788,597 -513,575 -4.2 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

Percent of Texas Population by Age Group and Ethnicity, 2000 Combination of ethnic diversity and aging will be felt in the next few decades In about 2003, Texas became a non-majority state and by 2035, Texas is predicted to become Hispanic majority state What is seen here is to the right – the Texas of old and to the left – the Texas of the future Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University 18

Percent of Texas Population by Age Group and Ethnicity, 2010 Non-anglo populations primarily in younger ages Largest proportion of anglos in oldest ages Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University 19

Percent of Texas Population by Age Group and Ethnicity, 2040* By 2040, all but the oldest ages will be majority Hispanic What is happening in Texas will occur for the U.S. as a whole Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University 20

Percent of United States Population by Age Group and Ethnicity, 2000 Non-anglo populations primarily in younger ages Largest proportion of anglos in oldest ages Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University 21

Percent of United States Population by Age Group and Ethnicity, 2050 By 2040, all but oldest ages will be majority non-Anglo In fact, Half of the population will be non-Anglo by 2042 and ½ of Children will be non-Anglo by 2023! Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University 22

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Total and Percent of the United States Population in Poverty and Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity, 1999 and 2009   1999 2009 Population in Poverty % Median Household Income* Median Household Income Anglo 15,414,119 8.1 $58,523 19,462,966 10.0 $54,671 Hispanic 7,797,874 22.6 $43,442 11,130,896 23.5 $39,923 Black 8,146,146 24.9 $37,956 9,407,955 25.8 $33,463 Asian 1,257,237 12.6 $66,961 1,539,226 11.4 $68,780 Other 1,284,436 18.5 NA 1,327,120 18.4 Total 33,899,812 12.4 $54,172 42,868,163 14.3 $50,221 *In 2009 Dollars Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 and American Community Survey, 2009 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University 24 24

Population Age 25 and Older Some college or associates degree Educational Attainment for the United States Population Age 25 and Older by Race/Ethnicity, 2010 Race Ethnicity Population Age 25 and Older Less than high school High school diploma Some college or associates degree Bachelor or more Non-Hispanic White 139,695,358 9.3 29.3 30.0 31.4 Black 23,530,646 18.1 31.7 32.3 17.9 Hispanic* 27,313,996 37.8 26.5 22.7 13.0 Asian 9,964,404 14.6 16.0 19.6 49.9 Total 204,288,933 14.4 28.5 28.9 28.2 ________ Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey, 2010. *Includes Hispanic persons of all races.

Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Average (Mean) SAT Scores for College Bound Seniors in the United States in 2001 by Selected Characteristics Story about Murdock Income bias in tests Because race/ethnicity correlated with lower income due to various historical and discriminatory reasons, then we excluding those who most need education Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University PROJECTIONS Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Projections of the U.S. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 to 2050 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Numeric Change in the Projected U.S. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 to 2050 (in millions) Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Projected Change in the U. S Projected Change in the U.S. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 to 2050

Projected Age Distribution of the U.S. Population: 2000 to 2050 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Percent Race and Hispanic Origin Distribution of the U.S. Population by Selected Age Groups: 2000 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Projected Percent Race and Hispanic Origin Distribution of the U.S. Population by Selected Age Groups: 2050 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the State of Texas, 2000 and 2010   Change Percent of Population Race/ Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent NH White (Anglo) 10,933,313 11,397,345 464,032 4.2 52.4 45.3 Hispanic 6,669,666 9,460,921 2,791,255 41.8 32.0 37.6 NH Black 2,364,255 2,886,825 522,570 22.1 11.3 11.5 NH American Indian 68,859 80,586 11,727 17.0 0.3 NH Asian 554,445 948,426 393,981 71.1 2.7 3.8 NH Hawaiian/Pac. Isldr. 10,757 17,920 7,163 66.6 0.1 NH Some Other Race 19,958 33,980 14,022 70.3 NH Two or More Races 230,567 319,558 88,991 38.6 1.1 1.3 Total 20,851,820 25,145,561 4,293,741 20.6 100.0 ________ Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171. *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races.  All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Less than 18 Years of Age by Race/Ethnicity for Texas, 2000 and 2010   Change Percent of Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent NH Whites (Anglo) 2,507,147 2,322,661 -184,486 -7.36 42.59 33.83 Hispanic (All Races) 2,386,765 3,317,777 931,012 39.01 40.54 48.32 NH Black 732,807 810,543 77,736 10.61 12.45 11.81 NH Asian 139,226 231,458 92,232 66.25 2.37 3.37 NH "Other" Races 28,962 36,513 7,551 33.05 0.49 0.53 NH Two or More Races 91,852 146,872 55,020 59.90 1.56 2.14 State of Texas 5,886,759 6,865,824 979,065 16.63 100.00 Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171 * “Other Race” is comprised of Native American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and “Some Other Race” as per the Census 2000 and Census 2010. Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (e.g., non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, etc.)

Population in Texas by Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projections of the Population in Texas by Race/Ethnicity from 2010 to 2040

Percent of Population in Texas by Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projections of the Population in Texas by Race/Ethnicity from 2010 to 2040

Percent of Population by Age Group and Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projected Percent of Population by Age and Race/Ethnicity from 2020 to 2040 for Texas Under Alternative Scenarios of Age/Sex and Race/Ethnicity-Specific Net Migration

Median Household Income* Median Household Income Total and Percent of the Texas Population in Poverty and Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity, 1999 and 2009   1999 2009 Population in Poverty % Median Household Income* Median Household Income Anglo 826,459 7.8 $60,839 1,010,170 9.0 $59,836 Hispanic 1,658,434 25.4 $38,536 2,364,407 26.4 $35,628 Black 525,082 23.4 $37,803 630,479 23.1 $35,438 Asian 65,048 11.9 $64,576 105,186 12.1 $63,692 Other 42,586 13.9 NA 40,000 Total 3,117,609 15.4 $51,506 4,150,242 17.2 $50,043 *In 2009 Dollars Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 and American Community Survey, 2009 40 40

Population Age 25 and Older Some college or associates degree Educational Attainment for the Texas Population Age 25 and Older by Race/Ethnicity, 2010 Race Ethnicity Population Age 25 and Older Less than high school High school diploma Some college or associates degree Bachelor or more Non-Hispanic White 8,099,053 8.0 25.3 32.6 34.1 Black 1,788,223 13.9 30.3 36.2 19.6 Hispanic* 5,063,779 40.4 25.8 22.2 11.6 Asian 639,967 14.4 15.2 18.6 51.8 Total Population 15,772,122 19.3 25.6 29.2 25.9 ________ Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey, 2010. Note: Due to size, some groups are excluded. *Includes Hispanic persons of all races.

U.S. EDUCATION

Projected Elementary and Secondary School, Community College and Public University Enrollment in the United States by Race/Ethnicity, 2000-2050

Percent of Projected Elementary and Secondary School, Community College and Public University Enrollment in the United States by Race/Ethnicity, 2000-2050

Percent of Net Change in Elementary and Secondary School, Community College and Public University Enrollment in the United States Due to Each Race/Ethnicity, 2000-2050

Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University TEXAS EDUCATION Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Economically Disadvantaged Enrollment and Change in Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged and All Students by Ethnicity in Texas Public Schools, 1999-2000 and 2009-2010 School Years   Enrollment 10-Year Change Proportion Race/Ethnicity 1999-2000 2009-2010 Numeric Percent 1999- 2000 Economically Disadvantaged White 359,510 443, 933 84,423 23.5 18.4 15.6 African American 369,393 475,994 106,601 28.9 18.9 16.7 Other 36,734 66,874 30,140 82.0 1.9 2.3 Hispanic 1,190,363 1,866,376 676,013 56.8 60.8 65.4 Total 1,956,000 2,853,177 897,177 45.9 100.0 1,727,733 1,615,459 -112,274 -6.5 43.2 33.3 576,977 679,351 102,374 17.7 14.4 14.0 114,979 198,992 84,013 73.1 2.9 4.1 1,582,538 2,354,042 771,504 48.8 39.5 48.6 4,002,227 4,847,844 845,617 21.1 Source: Texas Education Agency, Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2009-10 http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/research/pdfs/enrollment_2008-09.pdf 47

Asian/Pacific Islander (%) Total Public School Students by Race/Ethnicity in the 10 Largest* School Districts in Texas, 2000-2001 and 2010-2011 District/County/School Year White (%) African American (%) Hispanic (%) Asian/Pacific Islander (%) Native American (%) Total Enrollment Houston ISD (Harris) 2000-2001 10.0 32.1 54.9 2.9 0.1 208,462 2010-2011 7.8 26.2 61.9 3.2 0.2 204,245 Dallas ISD (Dallas) 35.9 54.5 1.4 0.4 161,548 4.6 25.0 68.2 1.2 157,162 Cypress-Fairbanks ISD (Harris) 58.5 23.4 7.9 63,497 31.0 15.5 42.5 8.0 106,097 Northside ISD (Bexar) 36.7 6.6 54.3 2.2 63,739 20.1 6.2 67.8 3.1 95,581 Austin ISD (Travis) 33.7 15.7 47.8 2.5 0.3 77,816 24.3 9.5 60.3 3.4 85,697 Fort Worth ISD ( Tarrant) 21.4 30.9 45.4 2.1 79,661 14.3 59.2 1.8 81,651 Fort Bend ISD (Fort Bend) 37.8 28.0 18.1 16.0 53,999 20.3 29.4 25.9 0.6 68,948 North East ISD (Bexar) 49.1 9.4 38.8 50,875 32.0 7.3 54.1 3.6 66,604 Arlington ISD (Tarrant) 47.3 21.3 24.0 6.8 58,866 23.2 41.8 64,484 El Paso ISD (El Paso) 15.2 4.8 78.5 62,325 10.7 4.1 82.8 64,330 *Largest enrollment based on 2010-2011 school year Source: Data compiled by the Texas State Data Center from Texas Education Agency, Academic Excellence Indicator System (AEIS) District Profiles

Texas Higher Education Enrollment in Public Universities, Public 2-year Colleges and Health-related Institutions by Race/Ethnicity, 2000 and 2008 Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity Public Univ 2-year Colleges Health-related Institutions 2000 Enrollment White (%) 58.4 52.8 61.3 African American (%) 9.8 11.0 4.9 Hispanic (%) 19.6 28.9 12.6 Asian (%) 5.7 3.9 14.6 American Indian (%) .5 International (%) 5.3 2.4 4.8 Unknown (%) .7 1.3 Total 2000 Enrollment 414,626 447,998 13,806 2008 Enrollment 50.4 45.2 51.3 11.6 11.8 6.6 24.3 34.1 13.8 4.2 14.5 .6 2.5 9.7 .9 1.7 3.5 Total 2008 Enrollment 509,136 617,507 20,421 Source: Data compiled by the Texas State Data Center using data from the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB)

Public Elementary and Secondary Public Community College, and Public University Enrollment in Texas by Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projections to 2040 Assuming Rates of Net Migration Equal to 1990-2000 (1.0 Scenario)

Percent of Public Elementary and Secondary, Public Community College and Public University Enrollment in Texas by Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projections to 2040 Assuming Rates of Net Migration Equal to 1990-2000 (1.0 Scenario)

U.S. LABOR FORCE 52

Projections of the Civilian Labor Force of the United States from 2001 to 2050 by Race/Ethnicity from the Middle Projection Scenario

from 2001 to 2050 by Race/Ethnicity for the Middle Projection Scenario Percent of the Projections of the Civilian Labor Force of the United States from 2001 to 2050 by Race/Ethnicity for the Middle Projection Scenario

Percent of Net Change in the U. S Percent of Net Change in the U.S. Civilian Labor Force from 2000-2050 Due to Each Race/Ethnicity Group Under Middle Scenario

Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University TEXAS LABOR FORCE Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University 56 56

Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Projections of Civilian Labor Force in Texas by Race/Ethnicity Assuming Alternative Projection Scenarios, 2000 to 2040 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Projections of the Percent of Civilian Labor Force in Texas by Race/Ethnicity Assuming Alternative Projection Scenarios, 2000-2040 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Average Household Income in Texas, 2000-2040* (in 2000 Dollars)

Projected Percent of Households in Poverty by Projected Percent of Households in Poverty by Family Type in Texas, 2000 and 2040

Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Projected Percent of Labor Force by Educational Attainment in Texas, 2000 and 2040 tc 6.1 -- 12-4-02 308 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Average Annual Household Income in Texas and the United States by Educational Attainment of Householder in 2000*

Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Percent of Persons 25 Years of Age or Older by Level of Educational Attainment and Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projected to 2040* Assuming 1990-2000 Trends in Educational Attainment Rates Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Aggregate Income and Consumer Expenditures for Population 25 Years of Age or Older in Texas in 2000 and Projected Under Alternative Educational Attainment Assumptions for 2040* Billions $1,200 $938 $1,000 $765 $752 $800 $621 $629 $528 $600 $400 $251 $210 $200 $0 2000 2040 Assuming 2040 Assuming 2040 Assuming Base Values 2000 Attainment 1990-2000 Trends Anglo Trends Differentials in Differentials Apply to all Groups Aggregate Income Consumer Expenditures *Source: Texas State Data Center. Projections are shown for the 1.0 scenario Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

The mark of a truly educated man is to be moved deeply by statistics. George Bernard Shaw

Race/Ethnicity by Age for the Population in Texas, 2010 Percent

Website: http://hobbycenter.rice.edu Steve Murdock Phone: 210-867-4385 E-mail: shm3@rice.edu Website: http://hobbycenter.rice.edu