1. Population Change in the Southwest: Implications for Education, The Labor Force and Socioeconomic Development Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Steve H. Murdock, Director Hobby Center for the Study of Texas and Allyn and Gladys Cline Professor of Sociology Rice University Southwest Foundations Lake Tahoe October 20, 2011

2. Major Topics of the Presentation __________________________ Population Change Increasing Racial/Ethnic Diversity Aging of the Population Implications of Demographic Change for Education, The Labor Force and Socioeconomic Development Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

3. Total Population and Percent Population Change in Texas and the United States, 1850-2010 Total Population Percent Change YearTexasU.S. TexasU.S. 1850 212,592 23,191,876--- 1860 604,215 31,443,321184.235.6 1870 818,579 39,818,44935.526.6 1880 1,591,749 50,155,78394.526.0 1890 2,235,527 62,947,71440.425.5 1900 3,048,710 75,994,57536.420.7 1910 3,896,542 91,972,26627.821.0 1920 4,663,228 105,710,62019.714.9 1930 5,824,715 122,775,04624.916.1 1940 6,414,824 131,669,27510.17.2 1950 7,711,194 150,697,36120.214.5 1960 9,579,677 179,323,17524.219.0 1970 11,196,730 203,302,03116.913.4 1980 14,229,191 226,545,80527.111.4 1990 16,986,510 248,709,87319.49.8 2000 20,851,820 281,421,90622.813.2 2010 25,145,561 308,745,53820.69.7 Source: Derived from the U.S. Census Bureau decennial census April 1 of reported year. Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

4. Components of Change, U.S. and Texas, 2000-2009 United States Texas ComponentNumeric Change Percent of Total Change Numeric Change Percent of Total Change Total Change25,584,644100.03,930,482100.0 Natural Increase15,875,57962.12,124,12454.0 Net Domestic Migration-------848,70221.6 Net International Migration9,709,06537.9957,65624.4 Source: Derived from U.S. Bureau of the Census.

5. Immigrants: Who Are they and What are Their Effects

6. Percent of United States Population Change Due to Immigration and Natural Increase, 1820 to 2005 Source: Texas State Data Center Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

7. Immigration into the United States, by Period and Area of Origin of Immigrants, 1820-2005 (numbers in thousands) Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

17. Estimates of the Unauthorized Population in the United States, 2000-2010

18. Characteristics of the Unauthorized Population in 2010 (Source: Pew Hispanic Center, 2010) ____________________________________________________ Nationally Total Number 11.2 million (peak number was 12.0 million in 2007) 3.7 percent of the Population of the United States 5.2 percent of the labor force 28 percent of Foreign Born (total of 40.2 million people are foreign born) Accounted for 8 percent of the births from March 2009 to March 2010 92 percent of parents of children born in 2009-2010 immigrated before 2008 4.5 million children of unauthorized were born in US and are Citizens

19. Unauthorized Immigrants by State in 2010 (percent of state’s total population in parenthesis) _________________________________________________________ California, 2,550,000 (6.8%) Texas, 1,650,000 (6.7%) Florida, 825,000 (4.5%) New York, 625,000 (3.2%) New Jersey, 550,000 (6.2%) Illinois, 525,000 (4.1%) Georgia, 425,000 (4.4%) Arizona, 400,000 (6.0%) North Carolina, 325,000 (3.5%) Maryland, 275,000 (4.6%) (Nevada had 190,000 and the highest percent at 7.2%)

20. Source: PEW Hispanic Center, 2006

21. Immigrants are disproportionately low-skilled Source: 2009 American Community Survey

22. Foreign-born share of employment by occupation Source: 2005, BLS

23. Foreign-born share of job growth, by occupation Source: 1996-2002, BLS

24. Foreign-born share of employment growth by census division < 40 40 - 60 60 - 80 - 80 + Source: 1996-2003, BLS

25. Share of US scientists and engineers who are foreign-born large, increasing Source: Science and Engineering Indicators

26. Native and foreign-born labor force change, by education Source: 1996-2003; BLS, Haver Analytics Thousands

27. Native and foreign-born labor force change, by education Source: 1996-2003; BLS, Haver Analytics Thousands

28. Some lessons so far Immigration is pro-cyclical Immigrants are hurt more by recessions – Helped more by expansions Immigrants are in different industries/occupations/states than natives – Limits labor market competition – Migrant mobility speeds growth

29. Immigrants key to the recovery Labor force growth – Immigrants account for one-half labor force growth Efficiency gains – Complement native workers at high, low ends of skill distribution – Fill jobs natives shun – Move to where jobs are Productivity growth – High-skilled immigration instrumental in high-tech innovation, R&D Drawbacks – Winners and losers – Adverse fiscal impact of low-skilled immigration

31. Change 2000-2010 State 2000 Population 2010 Population NumericPercent United States281,421,906308,745,53827,323,6329.7 California33,871,64837,253,9563,382,30810.0 Texas20,851,82025,145,5614,293,74120.6 New York18,976,45719,378,102401,6452.1 Florida15,982,37818,801,3102,818,93217.6 Illinois12,419,29312,830,632411,3393.3 Pennsylvania12,281,05412,702,379421,3253.4 Ohio11,353,14011,536,504183,3641.6 Michigan9,938,4449,883,640-54,804-0.6 Georgia8,186,4539,687,6531,501,20018.3 North Carolina8,049,3139,535,4831,486,17018.5 Population values as of April 1, 2000 and April 1, 2010. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Ten Largest States in the United States by Population Size in 2010 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

32. Change 2000-2010 State 2000 Population 2010 PopulationNumericPercent United States281,421,906308,745,53827,323,6329.7 Texas20,851,82025,145,5614,293,74120.6 California33,871,64837,253,9563,382,30810.0 Florida15,982,37818,801,3102,818,93217.6 Georgia8,186,4539,687,6531,501,20018.3 North Carolina8,049,3139,535,4831,486,17018.5 Arizona5,130,6326,392,0171,261,38524.6 Virginia7,078,5158,001,024922,50913.0 Washington5,894,1216,724,540830,41914.1 Colorado4,301,2615,029,196727,93516.9 Nevada1,998,2572,700,551702,29435.1 Ten States in the United States with the Largest Numeric Population Increase 2000-2010 Population values as of April 1, 2000 and April 1, 2010. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

33. Change 2000-2010 State 2000 Population 2010 Population NumericPercent United States281,421,906308,745,53827,323,6329.7 Nevada1,998,2572,700,551702,29435.1 Arizona5,130,6326,392,0171,261,38524.6 Utah2,233,1692,763,885530,71623.8 Idaho1,293,9531,567,582273,62921.1 Texas20,851,82025,145,5614,293,74120.6 North Carolina8,049,3139,535,4831,486,17018.5 Georgia8,186,4539,687,6531,501,20018.3 Florida15,982,37818,801,3102,818,93217.6 Colorado4,301,2615,029,196727,93516.9 South Carolina4,012,0124,625,364613,35215.3 Ten States in the United States with the Largest Percentage Population Increase 2000-2010 Population values as of April 1, 2000 and April 1, 2010. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

34. Regional Population Change as a Proportion of U.S. Population Change, 2000-2010 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

35. Population of the United States by Regions, 1910-2010 Population values as of April 1, 2000 and April 1, 2010. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population in Thousands (Thousands) United States/ Regions19001950196019701980199020002010 United States76,212151,326179,323203,302226,546248,710281,422308,746 Regions Northeast27.626.124.924.121.720.419.017.9 Midwest34.529.428.827.925.924.022.921.7 South32.231.230.730.933.334.435.637.1 West5.713.315.617.119.121.222.523.3

36. Change Percent of Population Race/ Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent20002010 NH White (Anglo)10,933,31311,397,345464,0324.252.445.3 Hispanic6,669,6669,460,9212,791,25541.832.037.6 NH Black2,364,2552,886,825522,57022.111.311.5 NH American Indian68,85980,58611,72717.00.3 NH Asian554,445948,426393,98171.12.73.8 NH Hawaiian/Pac. Isldr.10,75717,9207,16366.60.1 NH Some Other Race19,95833,98014,02270.30.1 NH Two or More Races230,567319,55888,99138.61.11.3 Total20,851,82025,145,5614,293,74120.6100.0 ________ Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171. *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races). Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the State of Texas, 2000 and 2010

37. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Age 18+ Years of Age by Race/Ethnicity for Texas, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent20002010 NH Whites (Anglo)8,426,1669,074,684648,5187.7056.3149.64 Hispanic (All Races)4,282,9016,143,1441,860,24343.4328.6233.61 NH Black1,631,4482,076,282444,83427.2710.9011.36 NH Asian 415,219 716,968301,74972.672.773.92 NH "Other" Races70,61295,97325,36133.050.470.53 NH Two or More Races138,715172,68633,97124.490.930.94 State of Texas14,965,06118,279,7373,314,67622.15100.00 Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171 * “Other Race” is comprised of Native American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and “Some Other Race” as per the Census 2000 and Census 2010. Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (e.g., non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, etc.)

38. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Less than 18 Years of Age by Race/Ethnicity for Texas, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent20002010 NH Whites (Anglo) 2,507,1472,322,661 -184,486-7.3642.5933.83 Hispanic (All Races) 2,386,7653,317,777931,01239.0140.5448.32 NH Black 732,807810,543 77,73610.6112.4511.81 NH Asian 139,226231,458 92,23266.252.373.37 NH "Other" Races 28,96236,513 7,55133.050.490.53 NH Two or More Races 91,852146,872 55,02059.901.562.14 State of Texas 5,886,7596,865,824 979,06516.63100.00 Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171 * “Other Race” is comprised of Native American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and “Some Other Race” as per the Census 2000 and Census 2010. Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (e.g., non- Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, etc.)

43. *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change20002010 NH White194,552,774196,817,5522,264,7781.28.369.163.7 Hispanic (All Races)35,305,81850,477,59415,171,77643.055.512.516.3 NH Black33,947,83737,685,8483,738,01111.013.712.112.2 NH Asian10,123,16914,465,1244,341,95542.915.93.64.7 NH Other7,492,3089,299,4201,807,11224.16.62.73.0 Total281,421,906308,745,53827,323,6329.7100.0

44. *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population 18 and Older by Race/Ethnicity for the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change20002010 NH White150,525,687157,100,9906,575,3034.425.972.067.0 Hispanic (All Races)22,963,55933,346,70310,383,14445.240.811.014.2 NH Black23,337,57327,323,6653,986,09217.115.711.211.6 NH Asian7,702,89511,288,9953,586,10046.614.13.74.8 NH Other4,598,3805,503,718905,33819.73.62.22.3 Total209,128,094234,564,07125,435,97712.2100.0

45. *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change20002010 NH White44,027,08739,716,562-4,310,525-9.8-228.460.953.5 Hispanic (All Races)12,342,25917,130,8914,788,63238.8253.717.123.1 NH Black10,610,26410,362,183-248,081-2.3-13.114.714.0 NH Asian2,420,2743,176,129755,85531.240.03.34.3 NH Other2,893,9283,795,702901,77431.247.84.05.1 Total72,293,81274,181,4671,887,6552.6100.0

50. *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Metropolitan Central City Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 Population Population Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg 2000 2010 NH White 139,254,963139,518,137263,1740.21.265.059.0 Hispanic (All Races) 31,556,17644,653,79013,097,61441.559.414.718.9 NH Black 28,330,04531,671,7713,341,72611.815.213.213.4 NH Asian 9,531,41013,577,5164,046,10642.518.34.45.7 NH Other 5,563,3576,855,3911,292,03423.25.92.62.9 Total 214,235,951236,276,60522,040,65410.3100.0

51. *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Metropolitan Suburban Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg 2000 2010 NH White 15,112,25316,655,5211,543,26810.250.182.477.7 Hispanic (All Races) 1,117,1142,003,979886,86579.428.86.19.4 NH Black 1,505,6671,797,953292,28619.49.58.28.4 NH Asian 240,705420,072179,36774.55.81.32.0 NH Other 368,250547,655179,40548.75.82.02.6 Total 18,343,98921,425,1803,081,19116.8100.0

52. *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non- Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Non-Metropolitan Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg 2000 2010 NH White 40,185,55840,643,894458,3361.120.882.379.6 Hispanic (All Races) 2,632,5283,819,8251,187,29745.153.95.47.5 NH Black 4,112,1254,216,124103,9992.54.78.48.3 NH Asian 351,054467,536116,48233.25.30.70.9 NH Other 1,560,7011,896,374335,67321.515.33.23.7 Total 48,841,96651,043,7532,201,7874.5100.0

53. *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Metropolitan Central City Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg 2000 2010 NH White 30,849,68327,506,006-3,343,677-10.8-172.455.948.2 Hispanic (All Races) 10,972,72315,001,6124,028,88936.7207.719.926.3 NH Black 8,908,6018,775,212-133,389-1.5-6.916.215.4 NH Asian 2,275,8742,973,879698,00530.736.04.15.2 NH Other 2,144,2582,833,831689,57332.235.63.95.0 Total 55,151,13957,090,5401,939,4013.5100.0

54. *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non- Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Metropolitan Suburban Counties In the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg 2000 2010 NH White 3,777,8313,750,909-26,922-0.7-5.878.070.7 Hispanic (All Races) 406,567731,989325,42280.070.58.413.8 NH Black 450,858481,08030,2226.76.59.39.1 NH Asian 59,990101,09841,10868.58.91.21.9 NH Other 145,255237,25491,99963.319.93.04.5 Total 4,840,5015,302,330461,8299.5100.0

55. *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non- Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Non-Metropolitan Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg 2000 2010 NH White 9,399,5738,459,647-939,926-10.0-183.176.471.8 Hispanic (All Races) 962,9691,397,290434,32145.184.67.811.9 NH Black 1,250,8051,105,891-144,914-11.628.210.29.4 NH Asian 84,410101,15216,74219.83.30.70.9 NH Other 604,415724,617120,20219.923.44.96.1 Total 12,302,17211,788,597-513,575-4.2100.0

56. *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non- Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Non-Metropolitan Adjacent Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg 2000 2010 NH White 6,188,2105,637,421-550,789-8.953.476.872.3 Hispanic (All Races) 602,847898,757295,91049.128.77.511.5 NH Black 870,789779,407-91,382-10.58.910.810.0 NH Asian 44,08656,86512,77929.01.20.50.7 NH Other 348,016428,44480,42823.17.84.35.5 Total 8,053,9487,800,894-253,054-3.1100.0

57. *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non- Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171 Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Non-Metropolitan Non-Adjacent Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg 2000 2010 NH White 3,211,3632,822,226-389,137-12.1149.475.670.8 Hispanic (All Races) 360,122498,533138,41138.4-53.18.512.5 NH Black 380,016326,484-53,532-14.120.58.98.2 NH Asian 40,32444,2873,9639.8-1.50.91.1 NH Other 256,399296,17339,77415.5-15.36.07.4 Total 4,248,2243,987,703-260,521-6.1100.0

58. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the Southern Region, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/ 20002010NumericPercent20002010 Ethnicity* NH White (Anglo)70,614,26873,557,2102,942,9424.266.760.9 Hispanic11,705,28818,439,9786,734,69057.511.115.3 NH Black19,392,28122,265,6242,873,34314.818.318.5 NH American Indian660,839762,472101,63315.40.6 NH Asian1,961,2993,268,0351,306,73666.61.92.7 NH Hawaiian/Pac. Isldr.43,81473,04129,22766.70.00.1 NH Some Other Race123,635188,00364,36852.10.10.2 NH Two or More Races1,330,6071,990,308659,70149.61.31.7 Total105,832,031120,544,67114,712,64013.9100 ________ Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171. *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

59. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Age 18 and Older by Race/Ethnicity for the Southern Region, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/ 20002010NumericPercent20002010 Ethnicity* NH White (Anglo)54,842,35158,700,4553,858,1047.069.564.3 Hispanic7,858,21212,319,2674,461,05556.810.013.5 NH Black13,307,91616,066,8762,758,96020.716.917.6 NH American Indian459,080550,42991,34919.90.6 NH Asian1,483,1992,494,1581,010,95968.21.92.7 NH Hawaiian/Pac. Isldr.31,83452,60820,77465.30.00.1 NH Some Other Race62,995106,81043,81569.60.1 NH Two or More Races791,8491,039,875248,02631.31.01.1 Total78,837,43691,330,47812,493,04215.8100 ________ Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171. *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

60. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Less than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for the Southern Region, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/ 20002010NumericPercent20002010 Ethnicity* NH White (Anglo)15,771,91714,856,755-915,162-5.858.550.8 Hispanic3,847,0766,120,7112,273,63559.114.321.0 NH Black6,084,3656,198,748114,3831.922.521.2 NH American Indian201,759212,04310,2845.10.7 NH Asian478,100773,877295,77761.91.82.6 NH Hawaiian/Pac. Isldr.11,98020,4338,45370.60.00.1 NH Some Other Race60,64081,19320,55333.90.20.3 NH Two or More Races538,758950,433411,67576.42.03.3 Total26,994,59529,214,1932,219,5988.2100 ________ Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171. *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

61. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for West Region, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White36,911,58738,006,3631,094,7763.012.5 58.4 52.8 Hispanic (All Races)15,340,50320,596,4395,255,93634.360.1 24.3 28.6 NH Black2,959,3953,214,563255,1688.62.9 4.7 4.5 NH Asian4,932,2896,547,4401,615,15132.718.5 7.8 9.1 NH Other3,054,1583,580,748526,59017.26.0 4.8 5.0 Total63,197,93271,945,5538,747,62113.8 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

62. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population 18 and Over by Race/Ethnicity for West Region, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White28,752,56530,726,8831,974,3186.925.2 62.3 56.9 Hispanic (All Races)9,662,05413,411,9083,749,85438.847.8 20.9 24.8 NH Black2,067,9872,406,163338,17616.44.3 4.5 NH Asian3,805,7055,229,2211,423,51637.418.1 8.2 9.7 NH Other1,878,1612,239,968361,80719.34.6 4.1 Total46,166,47254,014,1437,847,67117.0 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

63. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for West Region, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White8,159,0227,279,480-879,542-10.8-97.7 47.9 40.6 Hispanic (All Races)5,678,4497,184,5311,506,08226.5167.4 33.3 40.1 NH Black891,408808,400-83,008-9.3-9.2 5.2 4.5 NH Asian1,126,5841,318,219191,63517.021.3 6.6 7.4 NH Other1,175,9971,340,780164,78314.018.3 6.9 7.5 Total17,031,46017,931,410899,9505.3 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

64. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Arizona, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White3,274,2583,695,647421,38912.933.4 63.8 57.8 Hispanic (All Races)1,295,6171,895,149599,53246.347.5 25.3 29.6 NH Black149,941239,10189,16059.57.1 2.9 3.7 NH Asian89,315170,50981,19490.96.4 1.7 2.7 NH Other321,501391,61170,11021.85.6 6.3 6.1 Total5,130,6326,392,0171,261,38524.6 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

65. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Arizona, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White678,674677,752-922-0.1-0.4 49.6 41.6 Hispanic (All Races)493,143703,946210,80342.780.4 36.1 43.2 NH Black46,68466,85220,16843.27.7 3.4 4.1 NH Asian19,98438,19218,20891.16.9 1.5 2.3 NH Other128,462142,27213,81010.85.3 9.4 8.7 Total1,366,9471,629,014262,06719.2 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

66. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Arkansas, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White2,100,1352,173,46973,3343.530.2 78.6 74.5 Hispanic (All Races)86,866186,05099,184114.240.9 3.2 6.4 NH Black416,615447,10230,4877.312.6 15.6 15.3 NH Asian19,89235,64715,75579.26.5 0.7 1.2 NH Other49,89273,65023,75847.69.8 1.9 2.5 Total2,673,4002,915,918242,5189.1 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

67. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Arkansas, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White485,434464,562-20,872-4.3-67.1 71.3 65.3 Hispanic (All Races)32,01674,95642,940134.1138.0 4.7 10.5 NH Black140,046133,215-6,831-4.9-22.0 20.6 18.7 NH Asian4,9288,8573,92979.712.6 0.7 1.2 NH Other17,94529,88511,94066.538.4 2.6 4.2 Total680,369711,47531,1064.6 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

68. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Colorado, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White3,202,8803,520,793317,9139.943.7 74.5 70.0 Hispanic (All Races)735,6011,038,687303,08641.241.6 17.1 20.7 NH Black158,443188,77830,33519.14.2 3.7 3.8 NH Asian93,277135,56442,28745.35.8 2.2 2.7 NH Other111,060145,37434,31430.94.7 2.6 2.9 Total4,301,2615,029,196727,93516.9 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

69. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Colorado, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White729,020710,280-18,740-2.6-15.0 66.2 58.0 Hispanic (All Races)258,722374,225115,50344.692.5 23.5 30.5 NH Black47,10949,9672,8586.12.3 4.3 4.1 NH Asian22,89332,2259,33240.87.5 2.1 2.6 NH Other43,05158,91215,86136.812.7 3.9 4.8 Total1,100,7951,225,609124,81411.3 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

70. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Nevada, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White1,303,0011,462,081159,08012.222.7 65.2 54.1 Hispanic (All Races)393,970716,501322,53181.945.9 19.7 26.5 NH Black131,509208,05876,54958.210.9 6.6 7.7 NH Asian88,593191,047102,454115.614.6 4.4 7.1 NH Other81,184122,86441,68051.35.9 4.1 4.5 Total1,998,2572,700,551702,29435.1 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

71. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Nevada, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White276,179262,783-13,396-4.9-8.7 54.0 39.5 Hispanic (All Races)146,234261,967115,73379.175.5 28.6 39.4 NH Black40,73955,54814,80936.49.7 8.0 8.4 NH Asian18,30236,47518,17399.311.9 3.6 5.5 NH Other30,34548,23517,89059.011.7 5.9 7.3 Total511,799665,008153,20929.9 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

72. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for New Mexico, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White813,495833,81020,3152.58.5 44.7 40.5 Hispanic (All Races)765,386953,403188,01724.678.3 42.1 46.3 NH Black30,65435,4624,80815.72.0 1.7 NH Asian18,25726,3058,04844.13.4 1.0 1.3 NH Other191,254210,19918,9459.97.9 10.5 10.2 Total1,819,0462,059,179240,13313.2 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

73. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for New Mexico, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White165,301135,962-29,339-17.7-290.5 32.5 26.2 Hispanic (All Races)258,806302,07743,27116.7428.5 50.9 58.2 NH Black8,7898,009-780-8.9-7.7 1.7 1.5 NH Asian4,1325,3491,21729.512.1 0.8 1.0 NH Other71,54667,275-4,271-6.0-42.3 14.1 13.0 Total508,574518,67210,0982.0 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

74. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Oklahoma, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White2,556,3682,575,38119,0130.76.3 74.1 68.7 Hispanic (All Races)179,304332,007152,70385.250.8 5.2 8.9 NH Black257,981272,07114,0905.54.7 7.5 7.3 NH Asian46,17264,15417,98238.96.0 1.3 1.7 NH Other410,829507,73896,90923.632.2 11.9 13.5 Total3,450,6543,751,351300,6978.7 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

75. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Oklahoma, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White576,731519,877-56,854-9.9-152.4 64.6 55.9 Hispanic (All Races)70,078132,55062,47289.1167.5 7.9 14.3 NH Black83,31476,525-6,789-8.1-18.2 9.3 8.2 NH Asian10,76215,2244,46241.512.0 1.2 1.6 NH Other151,475185,49034,01522.591.2 17.0 20.0 Total892,360929,66637,3064.2 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

76. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Utah, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White1,904,2652,221,719317,45416.759.8 85.3 80.4 Hispanic (All Races)201,559358,340156,78177.829.5 9.0 13.0 NH Black16,13725,9519,81460.81.8 0.7 0.9 NH Asian36,48354,17617,69348.53.3 1.6 2.0 NH Other74,725103,69928,97438.85.5 3.3 3.8 Total2,233,1692,763,885530,71623.8 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

77. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Utah, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent Percent of Total Change 20002010 NH White592,083658,15166,06811.243.4 82.4 75.6 Hispanic (All Races)78,195143,84665,65184.043.1 10.9 16.5 NH Black5,5919,5443,95370.72.6 0.8 1.1 NH Asian8,90312,4183,51539.52.3 1.2 1.4 NH Other33,92647,06813,14238.78.6 4.7 5.4 Total718,698871,027152,32921.2 100.0 *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University http://HobbyCenter.Rice.edu

78. Change Percent of Population Race/ Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent20002010 NH White (Anglo)3,043,3943,201,677158,2835.259.050.2 Hispanic1,117,7171,752,166634,44956.821.727.5 NH Black707,805941,695233,89033.013.714.8 NH American Indian21,12024,7583,63817.20.4 NH Asian193,512337,815144,30374.63.75.3 NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander3,6925,4311,73947.10.1 NH Some Other Race5,4959,0493,55464.70.1 NH Two or More Races68,80999,18230,37344.11.31.6 Total5,161,5446,371,7731,210,22923.4100.0 ________ Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) as defined by OMB in 2009. *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races). Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the Dallas-Ft. Worth-Arlington Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2000 and 2010

79. Change Percent of Population Race/ Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent20002010 NH White(Anglo)726,422690,033-36,389-5.050.138.9 Hispanic408,769659,472250,70361.328.237.2 NH Black227,287277,20549,91822.015.715.6 NH American Indian5,3376,08474714.00.40.3 NH Asian51,09588,87637,78173.93.55.0 NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander1,2971,68338629.80.1 NH Some Other Race2,4263,6161,19049.10.2 NH Two or More Races28,07846,89318,81567.01.92.6 Total1,450,7111,773,862323,15122.3100.0 ________ Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) as defined by OMB in 2009. *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races). Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population by Race/Ethnicity for the Population Less than Age 18 in the Dallas-Ft. Worth-Arlington Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2000 and 2010

80. Change Percent of Population Race/ Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent20002010 NH White (Anglo)410,777345,205-65,572-16.034.628.8 Hispanic422,587507,30984,72220.035.642.4 NH Black304,824294,159-10,665-3.525.624.6 NH American Indian3,7053,167-538-14.50.3 NH Asian31,62633,6091,9836.32.72.8 NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander367311-56-15.30.0 NH Some Other Race1,2541,82457045.50.10.2 NH Two or More Races13,44012,232-1,208-9.01.11.0 Total1,188,5801,197,8169,2360.8100.0 ________ Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171. *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races). Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Dallas, Texas, 2000 and 2010

81. Change Percent of Population Race/ Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent20002010 NH White(Anglo)60,18345,854-14,329-23.819.114.5 Hispanic150,255183,40733,15222.147.657.8 NH Black92,44375,966-16,477-17.829.324.0 NH American Indian800569-231-28.90.30.2 NH Asian6,9016,186-715-10.42.22.0 NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander8966-23-25.80.0 NH Some Other Race44262818642.10.10.2 NH Two or More Races4,4634,452-11-0.21.4 Total315,576317,1281,5520.5100.0 ________ Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L. 94-171. *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races). Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population by Race/Ethnicity for the Population Less than Age 18 in Dallas, Texas, 2000 and 2010

82. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown MSA, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010Numeric Percent 2000 2010 NH Whites (Anglo) 2,274,829 2,360,472 85,6433.7648.2439.69 Hispanic (All Races) 1,353,477 2,099,412 745,93555.1128.7035.30 NH Black 783,955 998,883 214,92827.4216.6316.80 NH Asian 226,308 384,596 158,28869.944.806.47 NH "Other" Races 18,867 27,895 9,02847.850.400.47 NH Two or More Races 57,971 75,542 17,57130.311.231.27 Houston-Sugar Land- Baytown MSA 4,715,407 5,946,800 1,231,39326.11100.00 Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171 * “Other Race” is comprised of Native American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and “Some Other Race” as per the Census 2000 and Census 2010. Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (e.g., non- Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, etc.)

83. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Less than 18 Years of Age by Race/Ethnicity for the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown MSA, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010Numeric Percent 2000 2010 NH Whites (Anglo) 546,716 498,328 -48,388-8.8539.9629.98 Hispanic (All Races) 489,912 745,414 255,50252.1535.8144.84 NH Black 245,599 283,635 38,03615.4917.9517.06 NH Asian 58,077 92,279 34,20258.894.255.55 NH "Other" Races 5,753 8,358 2,60545.280.420.50 NH Two or More Races 21,936 34,276 12,34056.251.602.06 Houston-Sugar Land- Baytown MSA 1,367,993 1,662,290 294,29721.51100.00 Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171 * “Other Race” is comprised of Native American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and “Some Other Race” as per the Census 2000 and Census 2010. Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (e.g., non- Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, etc.)

84. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the City of Houston, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent 2000 2010 NH Whites (Anglo) 601,851 537,901 -63,950-10.6330.8125.62 Hispanic (All Races) 730,865 919,668 188,80325.8337.4143.81 NH Black 487,851 485,956 -1,895-0.3924.9723.15 NH Asian 102,706 124,859 22,15321.575.265.95 NH "Other" Races 6,528 8,367 1,83928.170.000.40 NH Two or More Races 23,830 22,700 -1,130-4.741.221.08 City Houston 1,953,631 2,099,451 145,8207.46 100.00 Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171 * “Other Race” is comprised of Native American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and “Some Other Race” as per the Census 2000 and Census 2010. Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (e.g., non- Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, etc.)

85. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Less Than 18 Years of Age by Race/Ethnicity for the City of Houston, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent 2000 2010 NH Whites (Anglo)102,37879,042 -23,336 -22.7919.0814.56 Hispanic (All Races)254,414306,315 51,901 20.4047.4156.41 NH Black147,819124,600 -23,219 -15.7127.5422.95 NH Asian22,51522,682 167 0.744.204.18 NH "Other" Races1,8392,226 387 28.170.340.41 NH Two or More Races7,6938,159 466 6.061.431.50 Houston536,658543,024 6,366 1.19 100.00 Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L. 94-171 * “Other Race” is comprised of Native American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and “Some Other Race” as per the Census 2000 and Census 2010. Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (e.g., non- Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, etc.)

86. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for San Antonio-New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent 2000 2010 NH White(Anglo)696,316773,80777,49111.140.736.1 Hispanic863,1621,158,148294,98634.250.454.1 NH Black102,441130,07027,62927.06.06.1 NH American Indian4,6425,26462213.40.30.2 NH Asian22,85742,92420,06787.81.32.0 NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander1,0992,05795887.20.1 NH Some Other Race1,8433,3031,46079.20.10.2 NH Two or More Races19,34326,9357,59239.21.11.3 Total1,711,7032,142,508430,80525.2100.0 Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171. *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

87. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for San Antonio-New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent 2000 2010 NH White(Anglo)151,728148,028-3,700-2.431.225.7 Hispanic289,103370,88681,78328.359.564.4 NH Black30,0073,5173,51011.76.25.8 NH American Indian1,0801,058-22-2.00.2 NH Asian4,8308,9124,08284.51,01.5 NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander27645217663.80.1 NH Some Other Race7441,02127737.20.2 NH Two or More Races7,8541,6963,84248.91.62.0 Total485,622575,57089,94818.5100.0 Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171. *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

88. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for San Antonio, Texas, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race Ethnicity*20002010NumericPercent20002010 NH White(Anglo)364,357353,106-11,251-3.131.826.6 Hispanic671,394838,952167,558 25.0 58.763.2 NH Black74,77883,3658,58711.56.56.3 NH American Indian2,6662,7711053.90.2 NH Asian17,08430,59613,51279.11.52.3 NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander6641,09743365.20.1 NH Some Other Race1,1822,10592378.10.10.2 NH Two or More Races12,5215,4152,89423.11.11.2 Total1,144,6461,327,407182,76116.0100.0 Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171. *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

89. Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Less than 18 Years of Age by Race/Ethnicity for San Antonio, Texas 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race Ethnicity* 2000 2010 Numeric Percent 2000 2010 NH White(Anglo)73,91160,245-13,666-18.522.616.9 Hispanic221,262261,13039,86818.067.773.4 NH Black21,61320,593-1,020-4.76.65.8 NH American Indian617564-53-8.60.2 NH Asian3,5926,3042,71275.51.11.8 NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander1572549761.80.00.1 NH Some Other Race49765315631.40.2 NH Two or More Races5,0086,2571,24924.91.51.8 Total326,657356,00029,3439.0100.0 Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L. 94-171. *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

90. Percent of United States Population by Age Group and Ethnicity, 2000 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

91. Percent of United States Population by Age Group and Ethnicity, 2050 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

92. POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

93. Total and Percent of the Southern Regional Population in Poverty and Median Household Income for Major Race/Ethnic Groups, 1999 and 2009 *In 2009 Dollars ^Includes Hispanic Persons of Any Race. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 and American Community Survey, 2009 1999 2009 Population in Poverty% Median Household Income* Population in Poverty% Median Household Income Anglo5,856,3429.1$54,6777,344,11710.9$51,752 Hispanic^2,580,59322.8$41,0774,218,15525.0$37,106 Black4,585,49225.5$35,8625,308,05025.7$32,710 Asian214,49011.5$64,247326,30111.2$64,848 Total Population13,569,26513.9$50,039 17,603,48016.0$46,198

94. Total and Percent of the Western Region Population in Poverty and Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity, 1999 and 2010 1999 2010 Population in Poverty% Median Household Income* Population in Poverty% Median Household Income NH White 2,941,9918.2$63,666 3,872,31210.4$58,566 Hispanic^ 3,332,27222.2$46,172 4,851,60923.9$42,223 Black 610,87621.5$45,809 760,57923.8$40,949 Asian 596,11012.1$69,919 746,83411.3$69,356 Total 8,051,42713.0$59,060 10,849,60615.3$53,686 *In 2010 Dollars. ^Includes Hispanic persons of any race. Not all race/ethnic groups are shown here but are included in the total. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 and American Community Survey, 2010

95. Total and Percent of the United States Population in Poverty and Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity, 1999 and 2009 1999 2009 Population in Poverty% Median Household Income* Population in Poverty% Median Household Income Anglo15,414,1198.1$58,52319,462,96610.0$54,671 Hispanic7,797,87422.6$43,44211,130,89623.5$39,923 Black8,146,14624.9$37,9569,407,95525.8$33,463 Asian1,257,23712.6$66,9611,539,22611.4$68,780 Other1,284,43618.5NA1,327,12018.4NA Total 33,899,81212.4$54,172 42,868,16314.3$50,221 *In 2009 Dollars Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 and American Community Survey, 2009 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

96. Educational Attainment for the Population Age 25 and Older by Major Race/Ethnic Group in 2009, Southern Census Region Race/ Ethnicity Population Age 25 and Older Less than high school (%) High school diploma (%) Some college or associates degree (%) Bachelor or more (%) Non-Hispanic White48,676,94411.829.529.429.3 Black12,942,05819.732.530.917.0 Hispanic*9,435,87438.125.921.814.2 Asian1,966,75614.016.217.852.0 Total Population74,090,77916.629.228.525.8 ________ Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey, 2009. *Includes Hispanic persons of all races.

97. Educational Attainment for the Population Age 25 and Older by Major Race/Ethnic Groups in 2010, Western Census Region Race/ Ethnicity Population Age 25 and Older Less than high school (%) High school diploma (%) Some college or associates degree (%) Bachelor or more (%) Non-Hispanic White27,438,3916.522.835.435.3 Black2,095,65112.325.641.021.1 Hispanic*10,921,17340.325.223.710.7 Asian4,693,61714.116.523.645.8 Total Population46,817,46615.623.031.829.5 ________ Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey, 2009. Not all race/ethnic groups are shown here but are included in the total. *Includes Hispanic persons of all races.

98. Educational Attainment for the United States Population Age 25 and Older by Race/Ethnicity, 2009 Race Ethnicity Population Age 25 and Older Less than high school High school diploma Some college or associates degree Bachelor or more Non-Hispanic White139,962,1999.629.330.031.1 Black22,975,41018.631.632.217.6 Hispanic*26,106,58739.126.222.112.6 Asian9,404,49314.716.019.649.7 Total201,952,38314.728.528.927.9 ________ Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey, 2009. *Includes Hispanic persons of all races.

99. Average (Mean) SAT Scores for College Bound Seniors in the United States in 2001 by Selected Characteristics Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

100. PROJECTIONS Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

101. Projections of the U.S. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 to 2050 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

102. Numeric Change in the Projected U.S. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 to 2050 (in millions) Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

103. Projected Change in the U.S. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 to 2050

104. Projected Age Distribution of the U.S. Population: 2000 to 2050 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

105. Percent Race and Hispanic Origin Distribution of the U.S. Population by Selected Age Groups: 2000 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

106. Projected Percent Race and Hispanic Origin Distribution of the U.S. Population by Selected Age Groups: 2050 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

107. Population in Texas by Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projections of the Population in Texas by Race/Ethnicity from 2010 to 2040

108. Percent of Population in Texas by Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projections of the Population in Texas by Race/Ethnicity from 2010 to 2040

109. Percent of Population by Age Group and Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projected Percent of Population by Age and Race/Ethnicity from 2020 to 2040 for Texas Under Alternative Scenarios of Age/Sex and Race/Ethnicity-Specific Net Migration

110. Projected Elementary and Secondary School, Community College and Public University Enrollment in the United States by Race/Ethnicity, 2000-2050

111. Percent of Projected Elementary and Secondary School, Community College and Public University Enrollment in the United States by Race/Ethnicity, 2000-2050

112. Percent of Net Change in Elementary and Secondary School, Community College and Public University Enrollment in the United States Due to Each Race/Ethnicity, 2000-2050

113. U.S. LABOR FORCE

114. Projections of the Civilian Labor Force of the United States from 2001 to 2050 by Race/Ethnicity from the Middle Projection Scenario

115. Percent of the Projections of the Civilian Labor Force of the United States from 2001 to 2050 by Race/Ethnicity for the Middle Projection Scenario

116. Percent Change for Selected Time Periods for Projected Civilian Labor Force by Race/Ethnicity for The United States, 2000-2050

117. Percent of Net Change in the U.S. Civilian Labor Force from 2000-2050 Due to Each Race/Ethnicity Group Under Middle Scenario

118. TEXAS EDUCATION Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

119. Enrollment and Change in Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged and All Students by Ethnicity in Texas Public Schools, 1999-2000 and 2009-2010 School Years Enrollment10-Year ChangeProportion Race/Ethnicity1999-20002009-2010NumericPercent 1999- 2000 2009- 2010 Economically Disadvantaged White359,510443, 93384,42323.518.415.6 African American369,393475,994106,60128.918.916.7 Other36,73466,87430,14082.01.92.3 Hispanic1,190,3631,866,376676,01356.860.865.4 Total1,956,0002,853,177897,17745.9100.0 Total White1,727,7331,615,459-112,274-6.543.233.3 African American576,977679,351102,37417.714.414.0 Other114,979198,99284,01373.12.94.1 Hispanic1,582,5382,354,042771,50448.839.548.6 Total4,002,2274,847,844845,61721.1100.0 Source: Texas Education Agency, Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2009-10 http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/research/pdfs/enrollment_2008-09.pdf

120. District/County/School Year White (%) African American (%)Hispanic (%) Asian/Pacific Islander (%) Native American (%) Total Enrollment Houston ISD (Harris) 2000-200110.032.154.92.90.1208,462 2010-20117.826.261.93.20.2204,245 Dallas ISD (Dallas) 2000-20017.835.954.51.40.4161,548 2010-20114.625.068.21.20.4157,162 Cypress-Fairbanks ISD (Harris) 2000-200158.510.023.47.90.263,497 2010-201131.015.542.58.00.2106,097 Northside ISD (Bexar) 2000-200136.76.654.32.20.263,739 2010-201120.16.267.83.10.295,581 Austin ISD (Travis) 2000-200133.715.747.82.50.377,816 2010-201124.39.560.33.40.385,697 Fort Worth ISD ( Tarrant) 2000-200121.430.945.42.10.279,661 2010-201114.323.459.21.80.381,651 Fort Bend ISD (Fort Bend) 2000-200137.828.018.116.00.153,999 2010-201120.329.425.921.40.668,948 North East ISD (Bexar) 2000-200149.19.438.82.50.250,875 2010-201132.07.354.13.60.366,604 Arlington ISD (Tarrant) 2000-200147.321.324.06.80.658,866 2010-201126.223.241.86.80.464,484 El Paso ISD (El Paso) 2000-200115.24.878.51.20.362,325 2010-201110.74.182.81.20.364,330 Total Public School Students by Race/Ethnicity in the 10 Largest* School Districts in Texas, 2000-2001 and 2010-2011 *Largest enrollment based on 2010-2011 school year Source: Data compiled by the Texas State Data Center from Texas Education Agency, Academic Excellence Indicator System (AEIS) District Profiles

121. Texas Higher Education Enrollment in Public Universities, Public 2-year Colleges and Health-related Institutions by Race/Ethnicity, 2000 and 2008 Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity Public Univ Public 2-year Colleges Health-related Institutions 2000 Enrollment White (%)58.452.861.3 African American (%)9.811.04.9 Hispanic (%)19.628.912.6 Asian (%)5.73.914.6 American Indian (%).5 International (%)5.32.44.8 Unknown (%).7.51.3 Total 2000 Enrollment414,626447,99813,806 2008 Enrollment White (%)50.445.251.3 African American (%)11.611.86.6 Hispanic (%)24.334.113.8 Asian (%)6.64.214.5 American Indian (%).5.6 International (%)5.72.59.7 Unknown (%).91.73.5 Total 2008 Enrollment509,136617,50720,421 Source: Data compiled by the Texas State Data Center using data from the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB)

122. Public Elementary and Secondary Public Community College, and Public University Enrollment in Texas by Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projections to 2040 Assuming Rates of Net Migration Equal to 1990-2000 (1.0 Scenario)

123. Percent of Public Elementary and Secondary, Public Community College and Public University Enrollment in Texas by Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projections to 2040 Assuming Rates of Net Migration Equal to 1990-2000 (1.0 Scenario)

124. TEXAS LABOR FORCE Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

125. Projections of Civilian Labor Force in Texas by Race/Ethnicity Assuming Alternative Projection Scenarios, 2000 to 2040 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

126. Projections of the Percent of Civilian Labor Force in Texas by Race/Ethnicity Assuming Alternative Projection Scenarios, 2000-2040 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

127. Average Household Income in Texas, 2000-2040* (in 2000 Dollars)

128. Projected Percent of Households in Poverty by Family Type in Texas, 2000 and 2040

129. Projected Percent of Labor Force by Educational Attainment in Texas, 2000 and 2040 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

130. Average Annual Household Income in Texas and the United States by Educational Attainment of Householder in 2000*

131. Percent of Persons 25 Years of Age or Older by Level of Educational Attainment and Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projected to 2040* Assuming 1990-2000 Trends in Educational Attainment Rates Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

132. Aggregate Income and Consumer Expenditures for Population 25 Years of Age or Older in Texas in 2000 and Projected Under Alternative Educational Attainment Assumptions for 2040* *Source: Texas State Data Center. Projections are shown for the 1.0 scenario $251 $621 $765 $938 $210 $528 $629 $752 2000 Base Values 2040 Assuming 2000 Attainment Differentials 2040 Assuming 1990-2000 Trends in Differentials 2040 Assuming Anglo Trends Apply to all Groups $0 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200 Billions Aggregate IncomeConsumer Expenditures Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

133. The mark of a truly educated man is to be moved deeply by statistics. George Bernard Shaw

134. Steve Murdock Phone: 210-867-4385 E-mail: shm3@rice.edushm3@rice.edu Website: http://hobbycenter.rice.edu