The Subjunctive Present Subjunctive Verbs of will and influence Verbs of emotion Verbs of doubt or denial

Present Subjunctive in noun clauses The subjunctive (el subjunctivo) is used mainly in multiple clause sentences that express will, influence, emotion, doubt, or denial. RULE: Drop –o from the yo form of present indicative and add subjunctive endings: (–ar verbs add –e; –er and –ir verbs add –a)

Present Subjunctive in noun clauses Note that the yo form is the same as el, ella, and Usted in the subjunctive.

Present Subjunctive (regular forms) hablar comer escribir hable coma escriba hables comas escribas hablemos comamos escribamos habléis comáis escribáis hablen coman escriban

Present Subjunctive (irregular forms) Yo form of irregular verbs maintain their irregularity throughout present subjunctive conocer/conozca sequir/siga decir/diga tener/tenga hacer/haga traer/traiga oir/olga venir/venga poner/ponga ver/vea

Present Subjunctive (stem-changing verbs) **= same as yo form Maintain the same changes as in present indicative. Remember only -ir verbs change in nosotros/as and vosotros/as* forms. *vosotros not shown pensar (e:ie) piense, pienses, ** , pensemos, piensen jugar (u:ue) juege, jueges, ** , juguemos, jueguen mostrar (o:ue) muestre, muestres, ** , mostremos, muestren entender (e:ie) entienda, entiendas, ** , entendamos, entiendan resolver (o:ue) resuelva, resuelvas, ** , resolvamos, resuelvan pedir (e:i) pida, pidas, ** , pidamos, pidan sentir (e:ie) sienta, sientas, ** , sintamos, sientan dormir (o:ue) duerma, duermas, ** , durmamos, duerman

Present Subjunctive with verbs of will and influence The following five verbs are irregular in the present subjunctive. dar dé, des, ** , demos, deis, den estar esté, estés, esté, estemos estéis, estén ir vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan saber sepa, sepas, ** , sepamos, sepáis, sepan ser sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean ** = same as yo form

Present Subjunctive with verbs of will and influence When the subject of the main clause of a sentence exerts influence or will on the subject of the subordinate clause, the verb in the subordinate clause must be in the subjunctive. Main clause Connector Subordinate clause Yo quiero que tu vayas al médico.

Verbs and expressions of will and influence aconsejar to advise exigir to demand desear to desire gustar to like es importante it’s important hacer to make es necesario it’s necessary insistir to insist (on) es urgente it’s urgent mandar to order

Present Subjunctive with verbs of will and influence The infinitive—not the subjunctive—is used with verbs and expressions of will and influence if there is no change of subject in the sentence. Example Quiero ir a Bogotá en junio. I want to go to Bogota in June.

Present Subjunctive with verbs of emotion When the main clause of a sentence expresses an emotion like hope, fear, joy, pity, or surprise, the verb in the subordinate clause must be in the subjunctive if its subject is different from the subject in the main clause. Main clause Connector Subordinate clause Espero que te recuperes pronto. I hope you recover quickly.

Present Subjunctive with verbs of emotion When the main clause of a sentence expresses an emotion like hope, fear, joy, pity, or surprise, the verb in the subordinate clause must be in the subjunctive if its subject is different from the subject in the main clause. Main clause Connector Subordinate clause Qué pena que necesites una operation. What a shame you need an operation.

Verbs of emotion alegrarse (de) to be happy (about) es terrible it’s terrible es bueno it’s good es una lástima it’s a shame es extraño it’s strange es una pena it’s a pity es malo it’s bad esperar to hope; to wish es ridiculo it’s ridiculous gustar to like; to be pleasing

Present Subjunctive with verbs of emotion The infinitive—not the subjunctive—is used with verbs and expressions of emotion if there is no change of subject in the sentence. No me gusta llegar tarde. I don’t like to be late.

Present Subjunctive with verbs of doubt or denial When the main clause of a sentence implies doubt, uncertainty, or denial, the verb in the subordinate clause must be in the subjunctive if its subject is different from that of the main clause. Ella no cree que él nos quiera engañar. She doesn’t believe that he wants to deceive us.

Verbs of doubt or denial dudar to doubt negar to deny es imposible it’s impossible (no) es probable it’s (not) probable es improbable it’s improbable; unlikely no es evidente it’s not evident es un poco seguro it’s uncertain no creer not to believe (no) es posible it’s (not) possible no es seguro it’s not certain

Present Subjunctive with verbs of doubt or denial The infinitive—not the subjunctive—is used with verbs and expressions of doubt or denial if there is no change in the subject of the sentence. Es imposible viajar hoy. It’s impossible to travel today. El fin