The Scientific Revolution: Science Breaks with Tradition

What do the following pictures have in common???

things all went against Answer: The people who studied these things all went against sacred Catholic teachings.

Scientists of the Scientific Revolution #2 Nicholas Copernicus – believed the Earth revolves around the sun. #1 William Harvey - Proved the heart pumps blood, not air Scientists of the Scientific Revolution #5 Issac Newton – Invented Calculus; discovered gravity #4 Galileo Galilei – Proved Copernicus right; invented the effective telescope; inertia #3 Andreas Vesalius – First to study human anatomy in 1500 years

Terms to Know Heliocentric = Copernicus’ theory that the sun is the center of the universe. Inertia = Galileo’s belief that all bodies move in a straight line unless some force moves it another way Scientific Method = Strict rules for conducting an experiment

#1 William Harvey First to correctly prove that the heart pumps blood.

blood circulates through the heart and body William Harvey… blood circulates through the heart and body

Where does blood come from? No…food doesn’t turn into blood Yes…Harvey proved blood circulated through the body inside veins and arteries

#2 – Nicolaus Copernicus Founder of modern astronomy

Nicholas Copernicus believed the sun was center of the universe

HELIOCENTRIC = Copernicus’ belief that the sun is the center of the universe.

#3 – Andreas Vesalius First to study human anatomy in 1500 years.

Examples of tools used by Vesalius for dissection/inspection of bodies

Dissection would answer many questions the people had…but it was not approved of by the Catholic Church!

#4 – Galileo Galilei Came up with law of inertia Invented the first effective telescope Lived in Italy (not good) Threatened the Church

Galileo’s map of the stars…not the Hollywood types!

TELESCOPES Galileo believed that all should study the stars and the planets. Telescopes certainly helped.

Some telescopes were HUGE! One of Galileo’s Telescopes Some telescopes were HUGE!

#5 – Issac Newton Made great strides in study of gravity, heat and light.

Newton believed in the theory of Gravity…now we know it is true.

The Scientific Method: What are the three steps? The five scientists all had to write down their observations and follow strict rules for conducting their experiments. These rules are known as The Scientific Method. 3) Make conclusions based on the experiment 1) Form a hypothesis 2) Test your hypothesis

How did the Church react to these scientists? Major disagreements! Some thrown in jail Science books banned Forced them to recant (take back their words)

Even with fear of punishment, how did these scientists change Church beliefs? Harvey – changed belief on function of heart Copernicus – came up with heliocentric theory (earth revolves around sun) Vesalius – changed belief on how human anatomy (body) functions Galileo – used telescope to map stars Newton – gravity forces objects to fall at the same speed and holds the universe together

So why are most of the Scientists in the Northern part of Europe???

They’re in Protestant counties that are no longer Catholic Don’t care what the Pope says Those that do care are farther away from punishment of the Church… “The Espinoza Factor”