1. The Scientific Revolution
In this lesson, students will be able to define the following terms:
Scientific Revolution
Scientific Method
Galileo Galilei
Sir Isaac Newton

2. Scientific revolution
Scientific Revolution; historical changes in thought & belief, to changes in social & institutional organization, that unfolded in Europe between roughly
Scientific revolution

3. The Scientific
Revolution
began during
the Renaissance
and continued
through the
17th and 18th
centuries.

4. The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution began during the Renaissance
It was a movement that rejected traditional authority and church teachings in favor of scientific reasoning
A new scientific method was developed
The Scientific Revolution

5. Scientific revolution
New philosophers rejected ideas that originated with ancient Greek philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates
Also rejected ideas of the Catholic Church
Began using “reason” and mathematics to solve problems
New inventions gave philosophers better insight to our world and the universe
Scientific revolution

6. Like Galileo and his telescope, scientists began to look and to
prove truths.
E. Napp

7. Scientific breakthroughs
People of the Middle Ages originally believed in the Ptolemaic model of the universe
Ptolemy, an ancient Greek philosopher, said the universe was geocentric
Geocentric; Earth is the center of the universe and the sun, stars, and other planets revolved around it
Scientific breakthroughs

9. In 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus published a book claiming the universe was heliocentric
Heliocentric; theory that the sun is the center of the solar system and the planets and stars revolve around it
Also stated that the moon orbited around the Earth and Earth rotated on an axis
Copernicus and kepler

10. Johannes Kepler, a German mathematician, studied Copernicus’ theory further
Published his Laws of Planetary Motion
Stated the sun was the focal point of the universe
Planets did NOT move in a circular shape around the sun but rather in an elliptical motion, or egg shaped
Copernicus and kepler

13. Galileo Galilei In 1609 Galileo invented the first telescope
Scientists could now observe the solar system and make observations proving the Ptolemaic theory incorrect
Galileo observed mountains and the moon, four moons revolving around Jupiter, and sunspots
Galileo Galilei

14. Galileo also seemed to prove that heavenly bodies were physical instead of orbs of light as preached by the church
The Roman Catholic Church ordered him to abandon the heliocentric model saying the Sun was the center of the universe
The church wanted Galileo to say Earth was the center of the universe
Was even imprisoned by the church for heresy
Galileo’s obstacles

15. Born in 1642 Newton was and English mathematics professor
Published works explaining the three laws of motion
Universal Law of Gravitation; explains why the planetary bodies continue their elliptical orbits around the sun
Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by gravitational force
Sir Isaac newton

16. First law; explains the law of inertia: every object remains at rest or in motion unless acted upon by a separate outside object
Second law; explains that the acceleration of an object is dependent upon the force being applied to the object and its mass
Third law; for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Used these three laws to help explain gravitational pull. Why do things fall to the Earth?
Gravitational pull is dependent upon the mass of the planet
Newton’s laws

17. Sir Isaac
Newton’s
discovery
raised
hopes that
the entire
universe acted
according to
certain fixed and
fundamental laws.

18. Medicine and chemistry
Better understanding of human anatomy
Heart is the beginning of circulation of blood
Dissecting humans led to description and function of human organs
Antoine Lavoisier inventing the system for naming chemical elements still used today. Founder of modern chemistry
Medicine and chemistry

19. The scientific method is a process whereby scientists observe nature and make hypotheses (educated guesses).
Scientists then test their hypotheses through experiments.
A scientist must prove his hypothesis or he cannot claim it is true.
The Scientific Method

20. Scientific method Make an Observation or form a question
Do background research
Form a Hypothesis. ...
Conduct an Experiment to test your hypothesis
Analyze the Data and Draw a Conclusion.
Communicate your results or try again
Scientific method

22. Francis Bacon; English philosopher that began using inductive reasoning
Scientists should not rely on observations from ancient authorities
Scientists should proceed from the particular or specific to the general assumptions by using systematic observations and carefully organized experiments
Process should lead to correct general principles
Inductive reasoning

24. Questions for Reflection:
What was the Scientific Revolution?
Why did scientists during the Scientific Revolution sometimes come into conflict with Church officials?
Describe the scientific method.
Who was Galileo Galilei and what did he believe?
Why did Sir Isaac Newton’s discovery of gravity raise scientists’ hopes?
Questions for Reflection: