Sexually Transmitted Infections Chapter 22

FUN FACTS There are nearly 20 million new STI cases each year in the U.S. Approximately 10 million of these new cases are among people ages 15 – 24. These cases account for approximately $16 billion in health care costs each year. S.T.I. stands for SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION

There are several risky behaviors that can lead to an STI infection. Ignoring Risks: Being sexually active puts a person at risk for an STI. Not taking precautions or protecting yourself can lead to an infection. Multiple Partners: The more sexual partners a person has, the greater the chance of getting an STI. Not Seeking Treatment: Denial, embarrassment, not recognizing symptoms, not getting tested, etc. Risky Behaviors

Virus vs. Bacteria Virus – prolonged, often lifelong infections Bacteria – can be cured with antibiotics

Five Most Common S.T.I.’s in the United States Chlamydia – 1 in 20 sexually active people contract this S.T.I. each year in the U.S. Gonorrhea – 700,000 new cases each year Herpes – 1 out of 5 sexually active people contract Herpes each year in the U.S. Syphilis – 10 cases per 100,000 sexually active people each year contract this S.T.I. Approximately 23,800 new cases each year. H.P.V. – 6.2 million new cases reported each year in the U.S. Five Most Common S.T.I.’s in the United States

Can you name this STD??? Hepatitis B and C

Hepatitis Hepatitis B – a serious liver infection caused by HBV. Hepatitis B has a vaccine available. Once you have it, there is no cure. Hepatitis C – an infection that attacks the liver and causes inflammation; caused by HCV. Hepatitis C does not have a vaccine available. Possible cure if after 6 months of treatment, it is not detected in your blood.

Hepatitis B and C cont’d. For both B and C Signs & Symptoms: abdominal pain, dark colored urine, yellowing in the eyes Where can you get it?: liver How can you get it?: sexual contact and/or blood to blood contact What can happen if it goes untreated?: liver failure, liver cancer, death Where can you get treatment?: must see a doctor What types of treatments would you get?: anti-viral drug or a liver transplant Virus or Bacteria?: virus Can it be cured?: there is no cure for Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C has a possible cure Hepatitis B and C cont’d.

Can you name this STD? Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis Signs & Symptoms: In Women: yellow/green discharge, strong odor, discomfort during urination and intercourse, itching and irritation in genital area In Men: irritation inside penis (urethra), mild discharge, slight burning after urination or ejaculation Where can you get it?: penis (urethra), vagina How can you get it?: sexual contact (unprotected) What can happen if it goes untreated?: can lead to inflammation of the vagina, urethra, and cervix; can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (infection in fallopian tubes and ovaries in women) Where can you get treatment?: must see a doctor What types of treatments would you get?: antibiotics Virus or Bacteria?: bacteria Can it be cured?: Yes

Can you name this STD? Herpes

Herpes (Herpes Simplex I & II) (HSV I & HSV II) HSV I is around the mouth; HSV II is in the genital area Signs & Symptoms: blisters, sores, headaches, fevers Where can you get it?: penis, vagina, anus, mouth, eyes (if comes in contact) How can you get it?: sexual contact; direct contact; mother to baby What can happen if it goes untreated?: increase in frequency and severity of outbreaks; burning and itching may occur; weakened immune system Where can you get treatment?: must see a doctor What types of treatments would you get?: antibiotics to help prevent outbreaks and prevent spread; topical medication to treat sores; vaccines are being worked on Virus or Bacteria?: Virus Can it be cured?: No

Can you name this STD? Chlamydia

Where can you get it?: vagina, penis, anus, mouth & throat Chlamydia Signs & Symptoms: can have no symptoms or symptoms such as pain in the genital area, discomfort, abnormal discharge from the vagina or the penis, abnormal bleeding Where can you get it?: vagina, penis, anus, mouth & throat How can you get it?: sexual contact; mother to baby What can happen if it goes untreated?: can cause painful complications and discomfort in the genital area, serious health problems within the testicles for males, can cause pelvic inflammatory disease in women, and infertility Where can you get treatment?: must see a doctor What types of treatments would you get?: antibiotics Virus or Bacteria?: Bacteria Can it be cured?: Yes

Chlamydia and the female reproductive system

Can you name this STD? Gonorrhea Can you name this STD?

Gonorrhea Signs & Symptoms: in some cases there are none; abnormal discharge, painful urination, men may experience testicular pain, women may experience lower abdominal pain, irregular periods, pus or sores in throat, fever Where can you get it?: vagina, penis, anus, mouth & throat, eyes (if contacted) How can you get it?: sexual contact; mother to baby What can happen if it goes untreated?: pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, in men inflammation of the epididymis and/or the prostate, skin infections, infections in other areas of body such as heart, brain, and spinal cord. Where can you get treatment?: must see a doctor What types of treatments would you get?: antibiotics Virus or Bacteria?: Bacteria Can it be cured?: Yes

Can you guess this STD? Syphilis

Syphilis Signs & Symptoms: painless sores, fatigue, itching, abnormal vaginal discharge, hair loss, fever, swollen lymph nodes, skin rash Where can you get it?: genitals (vagina, penis), anus, mouth, skin, organs How can you get it?: sexual contact; direct contact; mother to baby What can happen if it goes untreated?: can eventually cause damage to brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints; can cause difficulty coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, mental illness, and death Where can you get treatment?: must see a doctor What types of treatments would you get?: antibiotics Virus or Bacteria?: Bacteria Can it be cured?: Yes

Syphilis occurs in 3 stages

Can you name this S.T.D.? Human Papilloma Virus H.P.V.

HPV/Genital Warts Human Papilloma Virus Signs & Symptoms: warts or growths on the genitals or other areas of skin Where can you get it?: vagina, penis, anus, mouth & throat How can you get it?: sexual contact; mother to baby; direct contact What can happen if it goes untreated?: abnormal urine flow in men; bleeding from the urethra, anus, vagina; increased vaginal discharge; cervical cancer may develop; warts may increase in size and number. Where can you get treatment?: must see a doctor What types of treatments would you get?: topical medication for warts; vaccine available; surgical procedures available to remove warts Virus or Bacteria?: Virus Can it be cured?: No

Human Papilloma Virus Human Papilloma Virus

How can you avoid S.T.I.’s? Practice Abstinence – the only 100% way to prevent S.T.I.’s ; this means not participating in any type of sexual activity. Practice Safe Sexual Activity – the use of condoms and other barrier methods can help prevent the spread of S.T.I.’s Avoid Drugs and Alcohol – avoid impairing your ability to make decisions; avoid sharing needles; avoid behaviors that may put you at risk Choose Responsible Friends – choose to hang around with people who will be supportive of your decisions to avoid sexual activity and other pressures. How can you avoid S.T.I.’s?