1. Lesson 2: HIV and other STIs – Evaluating Risks
Reproductive Health Unit
Mr. Ernstes
Milwood Magnet School

2. HIV Other Consequences? What is it? How is it Diagnosed?
Immune system becomes destroyed, often death due to not being able to fight off sickness
How is it Diagnosed?
Blood test
Treatment/Cure?
No Cure – Treatment is healthy diet, drug cocktails, avoid risky situations/behaviors
How can it be Avoided?
Avoid sexual contact and blood to blood contact
Risk can be reduced by using a latex condom.
What is it?
Virus that destroys the immune system (WBC)
How is it Transmitted?
Sexual contact, blood-to-blood contact, infected mother to baby
What are Symptoms?
Person shows no symptoms until many years later and begin to get sick more often

3. Genital Warts Other Consequences? How is it Diagnosed? What is it?
Increase in size and number, can pass to baby, associated with various cancers.
How is it Diagnosed?
Only diagnosed by a doctor examination
Treatment/Cure?
Cannot be cured. Warts can be removed but often return
Will always have the virus
How can it be Avoided?
Avoid sexual contact and practice abstinence.
Condoms are not always effective in prevention
What is it?
A virus that causes warts on infected area (genitals, rectum, or throat)
How is it Transmitted?
Sexual Contact with an infected person (warts do not have to be present)
What are Symptoms?
Genital warts, itching, burning

4. Chlamydia Other Consequences? What is it? How is it Diagnosed?
Untreated infections can damage reproductive organs and urinary organs – may lead to sterility in both males and females
How is it Diagnosed?
Only by a doctor examination
Treatment/Cure?
Can be cured with antibiotics from a doctor.
Can be re-infected.
How can it be Avoided?
Abstinence from sexual contact
Risk can be reduced by using a latex condom.
What is it?
Bacterial infection – is most common STD in U.S.
How is it Transmitted?
Sexual Contact, and infected mother to baby during birth
What are Symptoms?
80% women and 10% men show NO symptoms
Women – vaginal discharge, bleeding, pain in abdomen, pain during urination
Men – burning/pain during urination, watery drip from penis, pain in testicles.

5. Herpes Other Consequences?
Can be passed from mother to baby leading to brain damage if baby is not treated
How is it Diagnosed?
Doctor examination
Treatment/Cure?
Cannot be cured – is lifelong.
Sores may be treated but often will return later
How can it be Avoided?
Abstinence from sexual contact with infected person.
Condoms are not always effective in prevention
What is it?
Virus that causes small, painful blisters
Different kinds of herpes virus (simplex I & II)
How is it Transmitted?
Sexual contact, contact with infected area, mother to baby during birth
What are Symptoms?
Flu-like symptoms like fever, swollen glands, feeling tired, aching muscles.
Small, painful blisters.
Itching and burning.
Often are no symptoms

6. Gonorrhea Other Consequences? What is it? How is it Diagnosed?
Untreated can cause damage to reproductive organs – may cause sterility
Passed to baby can cause blindness.
How is it Diagnosed?
Doctor Examination
Treatment/Cure?
Can be cured with antibiotics from a doctor
Can be re-infected again
How can it be Avoided?
Abstinence from sexual contact
Can reduce risk by using a latex condom
What is it?
Bacterial infection
How is it Transmitted?
Sexual contact, mother to baby
What are Symptoms?
Not everyone has symptoms
Women – yellow or white vaginal discharge, pain during urination, pain and cramps in abdomen
Men – yellow or white discharge from penis, pain during urination
Throat – strep throat like symptoms.
Rectal – pain and bleeding

7. Hepatitis B Other Consequences? How is it Diagnosed? Treatment/Cure?
Liver cancer and even death
How is it Diagnosed?
Blood test by doctor
Treatment/Cure?
No specific medicine for Hepatitis B
Treatment is rest and care during healing.
Never lose the virus – people become carriers
How can it be Avoided?
Abstinence from sexual contact
Avoid blood-to-blood contact
Vaccination
What is it?
Virus that causes liver infections
How is it Transmitted?
Sexual contact, blood-to-blood contact, human bites, mother to baby
What are Symptoms?
Headache, tiredness, nausea, vomiting, fever, pain in abdomen and joints, dark urine, jaundice (yellow skin tone).

8. Syphilis Other Consequences?
If untreated – organ damage, birth defects to baby
How is it Diagnosed?
Doctor exam and a blood test
Treatment/Cure?
Can be cured with antibiotics
Can be re-infected
How can it be Avoided?
Abstinence from sexual contact
Reduce risk by using a latex condom
Syphilis
What is it?
Bacterial infection
How is it Transmitted?
Sexual contact, contact with open sores, mother to baby
What are Symptoms?
1st stage – painless sores called a chancre. Sores will go away after a couple weeks.
2nd stage – flu-like symptoms, rash, hair loss. Again, symptoms go away in couple of weeks.
3rd stage – major organ damage including heart, brain, blindness, and death.

9. Trichomoniasis Other Consequences? How is it Diagnosed? What is it?
Pain during intercourse, vaginal irritation
How is it Diagnosed?
Doctor examination and test of discharge
Treatment/Cure?
Can be cured with antibiotics from a doctor
Can be re-infected
How can it be Avoided?
Abstinence from sexual contact
Reduce risk by using a latex condom
What is it?
Caused by parasite
How is it Transmitted?
Sexual contact, wet towels and clothes, contact with toilet seats
What are Symptoms?
Women – milky, foul-smelling vaginal discharge.
Men – milky discharge from penis or no symptoms at all