Canada Preview Section 1: History and Culture Section 2: Canada Today World Geography Today 7/30/2018 Canada Preview Section 1: History and Culture Section 2: Canada Today Section 3: Geographic Issues Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter 9

Section 1: History and Culture Read to Discover Which European countries played a role in Canada’s early history? What are some important features of Canadian culture?

Section 1: History and Culture European Arrivals in Canada Vikings A.D. 1000 English 1497 French 1530s British 1700s Visited eastern shores No permanent settlements John Cabot Explored for the English Jacques Cartier Explored St. Lawrence River; French sought northwest passage to Asia, fishing and furs, Catholic converts French-British conflict In Nova Scotia; settlement increased during American Revolution; provinces established

Section 1: History and Culture Europe’s Role in Canada’s Early History France Arrived in 1530s Goals—to explore, acquire fish and furs, spread Catholic religion Founded colony in Quebec Great Britain Colonized Nova Scotia in 1713 Forced France out by 1763 Organized Canada into provinces Established self-governing dominion

Section 1: History and Culture Key Features of Canadian Culture Mix of French and British culture, with U.S. influences Many immigrants in recent years French Canadian culture in Quebec British culture in Ontario and farther west Inuit, Canadian Indians, and relocated city-dwellers in north

Section 2: Canada Today Read to Discover What resources and activities drive Canada’s economy? What factors and processes have influenced the growth of Canada’s cities? How is Canada organized and governed?

Section 2: Canada Today Question What are the resources and economic activities of each region of Canada?

Section 2: Canada Today Canada’s Economy Canadian North Resources: mineral, diamond, and fossil fuel deposits, freshwater Economic Activities: mining, construction, military posts, tourism Prairie Provinces Resources: fertile soils, potash deposits, oil Economic Activities: wheat farming, mining, oil drilling British Columbia Resources: forests, fish, minerals Economic Activities: manufacture of forest products, fishing, mining, trade Resources: fish, forests, minerals, oil Economic Activities: fishing, mining, some industries Atlantic Provinces Quebec and Ontario Resources: farmland, minerals Economic Activities: service industries, manufacturing, farming, mining

Factors in the Growth of Canada’s Cities Section 2: Canada Today Factors in the Growth of Canada’s Cities Generally well managed, clean, and safe Toronto—Canada’s largest city, with major companies and cultural institutions, multicultural population Montreal—cultural center, with good transit system Victoria and Vancouver—West Coast centers based on fishing, tourism, trade, entertainment production Prairie cities: Calgary, Edmonton, and Winnipeg—centers for farming, oil production, trade

Section 2: Canada Today Canada’s Government Maintains British ties and British monarch Democratic government with a prime minister and elected parliament Provincial governments have local power Three northern territories have some control over local issues

Section 3: Geographic Issues Read to Discover How does the United States influence Canada today? How have geographic factors affected Canada’s national unity?

Section 3: Geographic Issues Question How has Canada’s relationship with the United States led to economic, cultural, and social changes there?

Section 3: Geographic Issues U.S. Influence on Canada’s Culture Economy Population Culture Cities Economies closely tied together; many U.S. companies in Canada U.S. population is much larger; most Canadians live near U.S. border American mass media heard and seen in Canada nearly every day Canadian and U.S. cities linked; increases cultural exchange

Section 3: Geographic Issues Effects of Geography on Canadian Unity Regional loyalties undermine unity. Physical barriers and distance contribute to separation. Differences between French and British cultures promote separatism.

Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas World Geography Today 7/30/2018 Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas What major groups have settled in Canada over time? What characteristics make Ontario and Quebec Canada’s heartland? How has Canada’s economy changed over the last century? How is Canada’s heritage reflected in its system of government? Why was Nunavut created? What are some important cultural, historical, and economic ties between the United States and Canada? Chapter 9