1. I. Introduction - Facts and Figure: A. Canada is the 2nd-largest country in the world: 1. in terms of land area 2. larger than the U.S. 3. population is much less than the U.S. 4. overall population density is very low B. Two main languages are spoken in Canada: 1. English in most of Canada 2. A portion of the population speaks French a. Quebec C. Canada has ten provinces and three territories 1. province - like a state 2. territory - a part of Canada without enough people to become a province a. less than 1% of Canada's population lives in the territories D. Canada can be divided into 5 Regions: 1. The Atlantic Provinces 2. The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Provinces 3. The Prairie Provinces 4. British Columbia 5. The Northern Territories

2. II. Canada's 5 Regions A. The Atlantic Provinces 1. Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick 2. also known as the Maritimes 3. commercial fishing is important (Grand Banks) 4. poorest income producing region B. Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Provinces 1. Quebec and Ontario - "Canada's Heartland" 2. St. Lawrence Lowlands - 60% of Canada's population 3. Canadian Shield - rich mineral deposits 4. Hudson Bay Lowlands - swampy, sparsely populated 5. waterway system to the Atlantic Ocean 6. Canada's largest cities located here - Toronto, Montreal, Quebec, Ottowa C. The Prairie Provinces 1. Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan 2. known for growing wheat on its flat, fertile, land 3. extension of American Great Plains D. British Columbia 1. similar to the Pacific Northwest of U.S. 2. many natural resources - fish, forests, minerals E. The Northern Territories 1. Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, Nunavut 2. less than 1% of Canada's population 3. home of the Inuit 4. many minerals, but little mining

3. III. Important Economic Activities A. Agriculture: 1. 2 major farming areas: a. St. Lawrence River Valley b. Prairie Provinces 2. Wheat is Canada's major crop a. much is exported B. Mining: 1. Canadian Shield - full of minerals a. nickel, platinum, uranium, iron ore, gold, silver b. oil, natural gas, coal C. Manufacturing 1. grown steadily over the last 130 years 2. large supply of natural resources useful for factories 3. most manufacturing done in Ontario and Quebec a. Great Lakes and St. Lawrence R. - shipping, power IV. Canada in Today's World A. Today, Canada has one of the highest standards of living in the world 1. like the United States, attracts many immigrants B. Challenges facing Canada today: 1. balance the development of northern Canada and the environment a. mining vs. nature b. example: pipelines could disrupt migration patterns of Arctic animals

4. 2. nearly 80% of Canada's population lives in cities a. dealing with same problems that many urban areas do C. The Canada-U.S. Relationship 1. longest undefended border in the world (5,000 miles) 2. Cultural links: a. TV, radio, pro sports teams 3. a free trade agreement exists between Canada and the U.S. 4. Canada struggles to prevent being overshadowed by the U.S. D. Canada and the Rest of the World: 1. has taken the role of "World's Peacemaker" a. promotes arms control