EOC REVIEW 4a, 4b

Cells All Prokaryotic cells have: All cells have: cell walls (so do plant cells) mode of locomotion i.e. flagellum or cilia (so do some animal cells) All cells have: Cell membrane (plasma membrane) Ribosomes Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA)

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic cell Plant & Animal cells Has membrane bound organelles Nucleus Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Chloroplast Endoplasmic reticulum vacuole Does not contain membrane bound organelles Bacteria

Organelles Nucleus : contain DNA so they have all the information (like the brain) Ribosomes: Where the proteins are made (transcription) Cell membrane: controls what comes in and out of the cell (homeostasis) Cell Wall: Provides protection and support (makes it sturdier) Mitochondria: where cellular respiration occurs; breaks down sugar a converts into ATP (energy) Vacuoles: Stores water, and other molecules for the cell Lysosome: cleans up waste in the cell Golgi apparatus: sorts and packages molecules for transport Chloroplast: The site of photosynthesis; converts solar energy into glucose Endoplasmic reticulum: helps create and store lipids and to create and transport proteins

Hierarchy of life CELLS are the most basic unit of LIFE Groups of similar cells make up TISSUE Groups of tissue working together make up ORGANS Organs work together to make up ORGAN SYSTEMS Organ systems make up the ORGANISM Groups of the same organism make up a POPULATION Many populations make up a COMMUNITY ECOSYSTEMS are living and nonliving factors of an area

Eukaryotic cells PLANT ANIMAL Unique to plants: Cell wall Chloroplast Large vacuole Unique to animal cells: Centrioles Lysosomes Many small vacuoles

LIPID BILAYER The cell membrane is made up of two layers of lipids

Protein channel specific substances across a cell membrane.  a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane. 

Semipermeable membrane Membrane that allows some things to pass while others cannot The cell membrane is semi-permeable In osmosis, WATER moves from an area of HIGH to an area of LOW concentration. In diffusion, MOLECULES move from an area of HIGH to an area of LOW concentration.

Transport of molecules in and out of the cell If the dark molecules could move, in what direction would they move? Why? To the left, moves from high to low concentration Why did the large dark molecules NOT move to the left? Too large to pass through the membrane

Hypotonic solution a. Salt inside the cell = 65% and outside the cell 40%.

Hypertonic solution Sugar inside the cell 27% and outside 80%.

Low to high or High to low? Exocytosis & endocytosis   Passive Transport Active Transport Requires energy? NO YES Low to high or High to low? High to Low Low to high Examples Diffusion & osmosis Exocytosis & endocytosis