1. fCAT 2.0 Cell Review
Mr. Perez

2. First scientist to call a cell a “cell”
Cell theory
Robert Hooke
First scientist to call a cell a “cell”
The cell theory consists of THREE parts:
ALL living things are made of cells.
All cells come from pre- existing cells.
Cells are the basic unit of life.

3. Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Animal
Plant

4. Eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic
Prokaryotic cells do NOT contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. -Ex. Bacteria Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. -Ex. Heart cell

5. Eukaryotic cells
Plant and animal cells are examples of eukaryotic cells.
Plant and animal cells differ in many ways…such as which organelles are found in each cell.

6. Plant vs. Animal cells
Organelle
Plant or Animal
Function
Cell wall
Plant
Gives cell structure and support; controls what comes in and out
Cell membrane
Both
Controls what comes in and out of the cell
Nucleus
Stores DNA and controls the cell’s functions
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like fluid found in all cells
Chloroplast
Perform photosynthesis for the cell (makes glucose)
Mitochondria
Perform cellular respiration for the cell (makes energy)
Vacuole
One large one in plants; many smaller ones or none in animals
Water storage. Provides structure for plant cells.

7. Plant vs. Animal Cells Produce proteins
Organelle
Plant or Animal
Function
Ribosome
Both
Produce proteins
Golgi apparatus
Prepares substances (proteins and lipids) to be transported within the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)
Moves materials throughout the cell, such as proteins.
Smooth ER has no ribosomes attached. Rough ER has ribosomes attached.
Lysosome
Animal
Breaks down cell waste
Centriole
Help the cell with mitosis (cell division)

8. Organization of life
Since cells are the basic unit of life, all organism's hierarchy begin at the cell.
Example of organization:
Cell: Cheek cell
Tissue: Muscle tissue
Organ: Heart
System: Nervous system
Organism: Bird

9. Organization of life Cells work together to maintain homeostasis
Homeostasis is the cell’s or body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment

10. Practice Question
1. Cellular respiration takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This diagram shows different parts of a eukaryotic cell. In which part of the cell does cellular respiration take place? A. cell membrane B. mitochondria C. nucleus D. ribosomes

11. Practice Question
2. In multicellular organisms, cells form tissues. In turn, tissues form organs, and organs form organ systems. What is an important job of ALL of these tissues, organs, and organ systems? A. to maintain homeostasis B. to make sugars for energy C. to transport nutrients in the body D. to take in nutrients and eliminate waste

12. Practice Question
3. Some organisms have one cell. Other organisms have multiple cells. Which of the following is a characteristic of cells in a multicellular organism? A. All cells have the same function B. Every cell has a different function C. Different kinds of cells have the same function D. Different kinds of cells have different functions