Approach, Design, & Procedure The Weakness & Strength Content of Presentation Background Approach, Design, & Procedure The Weakness & Strength The Decline of ALM The Application in Language Classroom

Background The entry of the United States into World War II ASTP (the Army Specialized Training Program) Student exchange

INTRODUCTION Founded around 1950’s and 1960’s, ALM was based on structural linguistic and behavioral physchology: the way to acquire the sentence patterns of the target language is repetition of dialogues about every day situations that are imitated and drilled to make the response automatic.

Approach Speech is language A language is a set of habits Teach the language, not about the language

Theory of language Language is a system of structural related elements, like phonological units, grammatical units, and lexical items, for the transmission of meaning. So to learn the target language is to master the elements of the target language system. Each language is seen to have its own unique system

Theory of language learning Learning as behavioral psychology The occurrence of these behavior is dependent upon three crucial element in learning: Stimulus Response Reinforcement

Language learning is habit-formation. Mistakes, the bad habit, should be avoided. Language skills are learned more effectively if they are presented orally first, then in written form. The meaning of words can be learned only in a linguistic and cultural context.

Design DESIGN Objectives Types of learning & teaching activities Syllabus Learner Roles; Teacher Roles; & Role of instructional materials

OBJECTIVES Accuracy Fluency Sufficient Vocabulary Short-Term Control of structure: sound, form, order Acquaintance with vocabulary Meaning Long-term Natives-alike Focus: oral / speaking skill; depending on: Accuracy Fluency Sufficient Vocabulary Major phonological features of the target language Use of key grammatical patterns