HIGH TENSIONS AND BITTER RIVALRY FOLLOWING WWII THE COLD WAR AND THE 1950’S HIGH TENSIONS AND BITTER RIVALRY FOLLOWING WWII

CAUSES OF MISTRUST BETWEEN SOVIET UNION AND THE U.S. U.S. sends supplies to Soviet Union to defeat Hitler U.S. & Gr. Britain would not open 2nd European front in WII U.S. develops atomic bomb Soviet spies get plans Soviets develop atomic bomb

IRON CURTAIN STALIN’S PLAN: Control Eastern Europe politically and economically STALIN: Create line of Soviet “friendly” nations between Soviet Union and enemies in Western Europe STALIN ATTAINS GOAL: Most Eastern European nations have communist governments EASTERN EUROPE NATIONS: Controlled by Stalin & Soviet Union CHURCHILL: Attacks Soviet Union in a speech in U.S. for creating “Iron Curtain” – creating a division in Europe-seen as beginning of Cold War U.S. – Committed to democratic ideals

U.S. RESPONSE TO COMMUNISM KENNAN- Containment – Stop spread of Communism Resist Soviet Expansion & Communism-Satellite Countries Use Military Provide economic aid 1945 Atomic Energy Act-development of nuclear weapons under private development TRUMAN DOCTRINE Economic & Military Aid to resist Soviet Expansion Greece Turkey Soviets unsuccessful in gaining control MARSHALL PLAN Rebuilding of Europe after WWII U.S. builds political support in W.Europe

BERLIN CRISIS Berlin divided into Four Zones of occupation British, French, U.S. – Western Area-Democratic Soviet – Eastern Area – Communist control Capital – divided into 4 zones Soviet Block – East Berlin cut off from all supplies West – BERLIN AIR LIFT – Food and supplies delivered by U.S. and Gr. Britain – Soviets lift blockade

FIGHTING THE COLD WAR U.S. & SOVIET THREATS: Military Build up New Technology Global Influence Brinkmanship Use Propaganda – create hatred and paranoia Send economic aid to weaker nations Support allied nations in conflicts NATO: Western –attack against one –all defend WARSAW PACT – USSR & communist Nations in Easter Europe NUCLEAR ANXIETY Sputnik-Soviets have technology superior to U.S. Dulles-Use of more nuclear weapons-Brinkmanship

LEADERS AFTER WII SOUTH KOREA - RHEE SOVIET UNION STALIN MAO ZEDONG

RED SCARE HAUC – Investigates radical groups in U.S. Hollywood Ten Communists Fascists Influence in film industry Hollywood Ten Rosenberg's – Soviet Spies McCarthyism – Communists in State Dept.

KOREAN WAR North Korea crosses 38th parallel Invades South Korea Pres. Truman defends South Korea Sends in troops under General MacArthur Relieved of his command Violated Truman’s Trust Circumvented Joint Chiefs of staff Wanted to expand war into China Many killed on both sides North Korea lost very small amount of territory

PRESIDENT KENNEDY The New Frontier – Spirit of Hope and Change Space Race Flexible Response-avoidance of nuclear weapons Bay of Pigs Invasion – Inherits from Eisenhower Khrushchev builds Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis – Kennedy & Khrushchev have world on brink of nuclear war Kennedy & Khrushchev ease tensions Kennedy Assassinated Warren Commission-No conspiracy in assassination LYNDON JOHSON – Great Society

PRESIDENT JOHNSON The Great Society War on Poverty-Economic Opportunity Act Job Corps Medicaid – Free Health Care for the poor Medicare – health care for those over 65 Johnson Doctrine – Foreign Policy in fighting communism in other nations