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THE COLD WAR.

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Presentation on theme: "THE COLD WAR."— Presentation transcript:

1 THE COLD WAR

2 Reconstruction- Partition of Germany
Allied powers divided Germany into 4 zones and occupied it

3 Two Germanies! 1955 France, England, and US rejoined their zones forming West Germany USSR refused - East Germany became a separate country

4 Reconstruction- Japan
The US, under General Douglas MacArthur, occupied Japan. The economy and government were reformed.

5 Two Superpowers

6 Soviet Expansion As the war ended, the USSR began to expand toward eastern Europe and China

7 Iron Curtain – Europe Divided
Imaginary line dividing Europe between East (communist) and West (capitalist). Capitalist Communist

8

9 Marshall Plan 1948-1952 US plan to give aid to most European countries
US gave over $13 billion to create stability, and support democracy and capitalism

10 WHO PARTICIPATED?

11 How Much Did They Get?

12

13 Truman Doctrine Plan to give $400 million to Greece and Turkey to create stability and prevent their fall to communism

14

15 Domino Theory If one country falls to communism…. It’s only a matter of time before the next country falls

16 Containment Policy US will give aid (money, supplies, troops…) to any country wishing to prevent their fall to communism

17 Containment Policy US will give aid (money, supplies, troops…) to any country wishing to prevent their fall to communism

18 The USSR & the Atom Bomb 1953 USSR exploded the first H-bomb

19 SPUTNIK 1957 USSR launched the first satellite

20 US Reaction Russian advanced spread fear across US
US increased funding for science and education

21 NATO US & western Europe formed North Atlantic Treaty Organization to collectively defend against a communist attack. First peace-time military alliance for US

22 Warsaw Pact The USSR & neighboring countries (Soviet satelites) formed Warsaw Pact – a collective defense against NATO

23 BERLIN Berlin was located within the East Germany
Many people escaped to the west through Germany

24 BERLIN WALL The Soviet Union built a wall through the middle of Berlin over night to prevent people from escaping

25 COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”
WHERE DID IT TAKE PLACE? COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”

26 COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”
CHINA COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”

27 THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
In 1949 China falls to communism and is led by Mao Zedong devasting defeat for US - 1/4 world’s pop.

28 NIXON AND CHINA Feb 1972 Nixon becomes 1st president to visit China
May 1972 Nixon visits Moscow “Détente” = less tensions

29 COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”
KOREA COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”

30 THE KOREAN WAR 1950 USSR helped North Korea invaded South Korea
MacArthur led US to help South Korea 1953 Korean War ends – nothing changed Remains divided at 38th Parallel

31 DOUGLAS MACARTHUR gets the ax
Led US in Korea Publicly criticized Pres. Truman’s policies was FIRED!

32 COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”
VIETNAM COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”

33 Vietnam’s Independence
Vietnam fights for independence from the French Ho Chi Minh gets support for independence from USSR Ho Chi Minh wants a united communist Vietnam – some resist

34 VIETNAM WAR - “ A Police Action”
Vietnam engages in civil war US sends “advisors” from to help the south fight communism

35 US INVOLVEMENT US supports S. Vietnam against N. Vietnam (communist)
US fights for 19 years! Over 56,000 Americans died Over 1 million Vietnamese were killed or wounded

36 US GETS OUT US ends involvement in Vietnam in 1973
1975 Saigon falls to communism

37

38 COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”
CUBA COLD WAR “BATTLEFIELDS”

39 CUBA Castro comes to power in Cuba
Allied with the USSR in the Cold War

40 BAY OF PIGS 1961 CIA-trained Cuban exiles attempted to lead a coup against Castro They failed - an embarrassment to Kennedy and U.S.

41 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS too close for comfort
US discovered Soviet missiles off the coast of Cuba - Oct 1962 Brink of War USSR removes missiles

42 “THE EVIL EMPIRE” DECLINES
Gorbechev comes to power in 1985 and reforms USSR glasnost – openness perestroika - restructuring

43 THE BERLIN WALL Symbol of Cold War
Gorbachev allowed it to be torn down in November 1989

44 Nationalism in the Republics
More and more of the “Soviet Satellites” wanted true independence from control by the USSR People in these Soviet Republics began to rebel

45 “The Evil Empire” FALLS
USSR fell into economic decline US increased defense spending 35% - USSR couldn’t keep up USSR crumbled in 1991

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