The Building Blocks of LIFE Biomolecules Importance of Carbon- Although a cell is composed of 70-95% water most of the rest is carbon-based compounds.

Structure of Carbon Atom # 6: 6 protons & 6 electrons; 2 in first shell & 4 in second has 4 valance electrons- so can make four covalent bonds can also form bonds w/other carbon atoms compounds with carbon-carbon bonds called organic

Macromolecules are large molecules that are formed by joining smaller molecules together Polymers these are large molecules made up of similar or identical building blocks Monomers are the building blocks or sub units of polymers Biomolecules are Classes of macromolecules carbohydrates Lipids Proteins nucleic acids

Mono = __________ 1 2 3 Many [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

Poly = _________ 1 2 3 Many [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

Macro = ________ Small Big Many Life [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

Di = ________ 1 2 3 Many [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

Carbohydrates Elements: C, H, O, always a 2:1 ratio of H atoms to O atoms (2H:1O) Monomer: monosaccharide Function: immediate and stored energy; building material Where found in body: bloodstream, liver; cell walls of plants & fungus Food source: sugar & starches

Carbohydrate Examples: Monosaccharides: (one sugar) glucose (C6H12O6)- preferred energy molecule for most organism; including humans galactose- one component of milk fructose- found in some fruits

Carbohydrate Examples: 2. Disaccharides: two monosaccharides bonded together sucrose- table sugar: glucose + fructose lactose- milk sugar: glucose + galactose

Carbohydrate Examples: 3. Polysaccharides: many monosaccharides bonded together; two groups a. Storage Polysaccharides: long polymers of glucose; broken down for needed energy Glycogen- Storage of glucose in animals Stored in liver & muscles Starch-Storage of glucose in plants. Humans can break down to glucose for energy

Carbohydrate Examples: B. Structural Polysaccharides: used for building materials Cellulose - component of plant cell walls human unable to break down important source of fiber in our diet Chitin - Component of fungal cell walls. Component of insect and other arthropod exoskeletal

Lipids: (waxy, fatty or oily compounds) Elements: C, H, O, many more H than in a carb. Monomer: glycerol & fatty acids Function: energy storage; insulation; cushioning Where found in body: cell membrane; innermost layer of skin; surrounding some organs Food Source: butter, shortening, olive oil, ect.

Lipid Examples: saturated fats linked to heart disease Fats & Oils all have 3 fatty acid tails fats solid at room temperature oils liquid at room temperature saturated fats- no carbon-carbon double bonds unsaturated fats- at least one carbon-carbon double bonds saturated fats linked to heart disease

Lipid Examples: 2. Phospholipids found in every living cell membrane

Lipid Examples: 3. Steroids used for hormone production used for animal cell structure Ex. Cholesterol

Proteins Elements: C, H, O, N Monomer: amino acids, only 20 different amino acids combine in different numbers, patterns, & arrangement Function: support, structure, protection, movement, metabolism Where found in body: muscles, hair, skin, enzymes Food Source: meats, peanuts, eggs

Protein Examples: biological catalysts that trigger chemical reactions Enzymes biological catalysts that trigger chemical reactions lower the activation energy of a reaction could not maintain homeostasis without them Only affective in a narrow temperature and pH range

Nucleic Acids Elements: C, H, O, N, P Monomer: nucleotide Function: genetic instructions & usable energy Where found in body: nucleus of cells Food Source: none

Nucleic Acids Examplse: DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid contains the genetic instructions for the cell RNA- Ribonucleic acid carries out the instructions in DNA ATP- Adenosine triphosphate provides useable energy for the cell

Identify the Biomolecule: Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

Identify the Biomolecule: is made up of nucleotides and has the elements CHONP [Default] [MC Any] [MC All] Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid

Identify the Biomolecule: Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

Identify the Biomolecule: [Default] [MC Any] [MC All] Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid

Identify the Biomolecule: is made up of amino acids and has the elements CHON and sometimes S [Default] [MC Any] [MC All] Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid

Identify the Biomolecule: is made up of glycerol and fatty acids and has the elements CHO [Default] [MC Any] [MC All] Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid

Identify the Biomolecule: [Default] [MC Any] [MC All] Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid

Identify the Biomolecule: is made up of monosaccharaides and has the elements CHO with a 2:1 ratio [Default] [MC Any] [MC All] Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid

Identify the Biomolecule: Enzymes are an example [Default] [MC Any] [MC All] Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid

Identify the Biomolecule: DNA is an example [Default] [MC Any] [MC All] Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid