1. Biological Macromolecules

2. What are biological macromolecules?
Make up living things
Large molecules made up of smaller repeating units
Built upon skeletons of carbon atoms.
Includes 4 classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

3. The versatility of carbon…

4. We are CHON!

5. Carbohydrates Provides quick energy for cells (glucose)
Structural component of plants (cellulose)
Chemical formula (CH2O)n
monosaccharide (simple sugar)
disaccharide (sugar)
polysaccharide (starch)

6. Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
What is the chemical formula of each of these monosaccharides?
C6H12O6

7. 2 Monosaccharides = Disaccharide (sugar)

8. Common Polysaccharides

9. Lipids Long-term energy storage
Energy-rich (9 calories/g vs. 4 calories/g for carbs)
Hydrophobic
Lots of C, H, and O
Made up of fatty acids
In food called fats and oils (triglycerides)

10. Triglycerides = Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids

11. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats
All single carbon-carbon bonds on fatty acids
Solid at room temperature
Examples: beef, chocolate, butter
Unsaturated:
Liquid at room temperature
At least one double carbon-carbon bond on fatty acids
Examples: olive oil, corn oil, fish oil

12. Proteins
Structural components of animals (hair, feathers, skin, muscle)
Enzymes: proteins which serve as biological catalysts
C, H, O, N
Made up of folded chains of amino acids (shape=function)

13. Amino acids link to form proteins

14. Macromolecules Overview
Class
Subunit (monomer)
Function
Elements
Examples
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
Short-term energy storage and plant structure
(CH2O)n
Glucose
Sucrose
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
Lipid
3 Fatty Acids + 1 glycerol
Long-term energy storage
C, H, O
Triglycerides (Fat)
Cell Membrane
Steroids
Protein
Amino Acid
Animal structure and enzymes
C, H, O, N
(some S)
Hair
Skin
Muscle
Enzymes
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
Storage and transfer of genetic info
C, H, O, N, P
DNA
RNA