MT8 : Civil Rights LT #2:Describe key people, court cases and events during the civil rights movement (1900-1980)

Basic information The information in the following power point is about important people, events and court cases that happened between 1900-1980 to help create equality for all groups of people.

Thurgood Marshall Thurgood Marshall was one of very few African American lawyers in America in the early 1900’s He focused his law skills on helping African Americans who's civil rights were being violated Helped with better housing, Watch the video http://www.biography.com/people/thurgood-marshall-9400241/videos/thurgood-marshall-mini-biography-2106987833

Brown v. Board of Education 1954 Thurgood Marshall waited years to find the perfect case to help overturn/change the decision of Plessy v. Ferguson (made separation/segregation ok) Linda Brown lived 7 blocks away from a “white” school but had to walk 6 blocks to get a bus to go to a school an all African American school 1 mile away Her father decided to sue the school saying it was not fair that his daughter had to travel to another school Thurgood Marshall took the case to the supreme court The supreme court ruled in favor of Brown Stated: Separation in education is unequal/illegal Impact: No more segregated/separate schools for kids based on race = African Americans could attend “white only” schools Watch some of the video (first 20 minutes) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WuZ944LOPM&feature=player_detailpage

Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956) Rosa Parks decided one day on her way home to not get up and give up her seat to a white man According to Jim Crow laws ( if a Caucasian(white) person did not have a seat, an African American person was to get up and move to the back of the bus, giving up their seat to the Caucasian person) Rosa Parks was arrested Her decision ignited/started the civil rights movement African Americans united to boycott the Montgomery bus (refused to ride the busses) December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956 Lasted a year, African Americans walked or carpooled The result: ended/terminated segregated buses in the south –African Americans could sit any where any time on a bus The buses were losing money so it was better for them to allow African Americans to sit were ever on the busses (integrated) rather than lose their money

Little rock 9 (1957) 9 African American students were to attend Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas The governor of Arkansas sent state national guard to prevent the 9 African American students from attending school An angry mob also attacked the 9 African American students President Eisenhower had to send in the USA army to protect and all the 9 African American students to attend Central High became the 1st integrated High school

Martin Luther King Jr He was a pastor, earned a PH. D. from Boston University Main organizer of the Montgomery Boycott Became the “face” of the civil rights movement (main leader) (1955-1968) Believed in non-violent resistance Learned from Gandhi who used it to gain Indian independence from England “We must use the weapon of love. We must realize that so many people are taught to hate us that they are not totality responsible for their hate.” MLK

Civil Rights act 1954 1964 President Eisenhower felt he needed to protect the right to vote He encouraged congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1954 The law made it illegal for anyone to interfere with the right for anyone to vote It outlawed unfair voting requirements President Kennedy started it and President Johnson finished it Segregation became illegal in all public places All races/colors had access to restaurants, libraries, theaters Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Fight segregation in Jobs

Civil Rights movement turns violent Started peaceful with boycotts and sit ins Freedom riders- African Americans and Caucasians would ride buses to make them integrate/mix Attacked by angry mobs, threw firebombs at buses, worst in Birmingham, Alabama – Freedom riders beat so bad they could not be recognized, some even killed When James Meredith was to attend the University of Mississippi he was denied President Kennedy sent 500 Marshalls to escort Meredith An angry mob attacked – lasted all night http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66_kqSG6aHI&feature=player_detailpage

Cont. MLK organized a protest in Birmingham, and was arrested He wrote “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” to request support He was released and the protests continued People watched on tv as the police attempted to break up the protest by beating, using the fire hose, and dogs to attack African American protesters He organized a March on Washington D.C. (million man march) to build support He failed to make much ground getting any more equality http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=6cNnG8xfy20

Malcolm x 1960’s he was a young radical black leader He joined the Nation of Muslims/Islam Preach black nationalism “Freedom any way necessary” Malcolm x left Nation of Islam Created the Black Panthers who lead more violent protest to get their point across Assassinated in 1965 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=9a3hT8f6Kkk

Affirmative Action University of California v. Bakke 1978 Why needed Challenges Even with all the new laws, African Americans and other minorities still were not hired or accepted to Universities at a high rate Affirmative action laws were created to increase college graduation and job placements for minorities University of California v. Bakke 1978 Bakke had been denied admission twice He sued saying it wasn’t fair He won 5-4 That schools could not use race as the only factor to let people into school

Questions What court case did Thurgood Marshall? What change happened as a result of Brown vs. Board of education? What did Rosa Parks do that got her put in jail? What was the result of the Montgomery bus boycott? What did the 9 kids from little rock do that was important? Who was Martin Luther King? What is affirmative action?