1. Look at the next two slides of Supreme Court Cases, and answer the questions:
1. What do you think Plessy vs. Ferguson established?
2. Why do you think that?
3. What do you think Brown vs. Board of Education established?
4. How do you think it changed America?

2. Plessy vs. Ferguson

3. Brown vs. Board of Education 1954

4. Social Change Movements from 1945 to 1970 1. Racial Equality 2
Social Change Movements from 1945 to Racial Equality 2. Rights for Women 3. Environmental Awareness

5. 1. Racial Equality
The Supreme Court decided in Plessy vs. Ferguson that if institutions are equal they had to be separate for the races.
“Separate but Equal”
Jim Crow laws required African Americans to have separate facilities.

9. Jim Crow Laws

10. President Truman ordered the military to integrate in 1948, but it does not really happen until 1963.

11. Brown vs. Board of Ed.
Linda Brown was not allowed to attend an all-white school and challenges that ruling in the Supreme Court
Overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson
Starts integration in schools

12. Brown vs. Board of Education 1954

13. Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955
Rosa Parks was arrested for violating the segregation laws of Montgomery, Alabama.

14. In Response. . .
For over a year, African Americans boycotted the buses.
They carpooled and walked through all weather conditions

15.
While the NAACP fought in the courts, MLK’s organization led the boycott.

17. Martin Luther King Jr.

18. Gandhi inspired King to be direct and nonviolent

19. “Violence never solves problems
“Violence never solves problems. It only creates new and more complicated ones.”
--Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

20. King’s sacrifice King was arrested thirty times in his 38 year life.
His house was bombed or nearly bombed several times
Death threats constantly

21. March on Washington 1963
President Kennedy was pushing for a civil rights bill.
To show support over 200,000 African Americans went to Washington D.C.
MLK, Jr gives “I Have a Dream” speech

22. March on Washington 1963

23. Civil Rights Organizations SNCC SCLC
campuses churches
Student led MLK led
Protested protested
Non violent non violent
Wanted equality wanted to
change the laws
that would result
in equality

24. Protest Tactics : SIT INS

25. This was in Greensboro, North Carolina

26. They were led not by MLK but by college students!

27. Sit-in Tactics Dress in you Sunday best.
Be respectful to employees and police.
Do not resist arrest!
Do not fight back!
Remember, journalists are everywhere!

30. Marching
In Selma, pro-vote marchers face Alabama cops.

33. Many were arrested.

34. Birmingham, Alabama 1963

35. Birmingham

37. Birmingham
When America saw 500 kids get arrested and attacked with dogs, there was much support for civil rights legislation.

38. Freedom Riders
White and Black volunteers, got on buses and sat inter-racially on the bus.
They went into bus station lunch counters

39. Freedom Riders attacked!

40. Mobs also attacked them at the bus stations.

41. Voter Registration
Volunteers came to Mississippi to register African Americans to vote.

42. These volunteers risked arrest, violence and death
every day.

43. Voter Registration
If African Americans registered to vote, local banks could call the loan on their farm.

44. This man spent 5 days in jail for carrying a sign that read, “Voter Registration Worker”

45. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Banned segregation in public places such as restaurants and buses.

46. Voting Rights Act of 1965
Outlawed
literacy
tests
in order to
vote.

47. 2. Rights for Women Betty Friedan publishes The Feminine Mystique in 1963 which led to creation of NOW and feminist movement National Organization for Women founded in 1966

48. 3. Environmental Awareness

49. Earth Day