1. Civil Rights Movement

2. Civil Rights Movement
Movement to ensure the rights of all people were protected by law
Effort made by African Americans to secure eliminate segregation and secure equal rights

3. Background Political equality V. Social Reality
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments-gave African Americans equal political rights
Plessy V. Ferguson-Separate but equal
Jim Crow Laws-segregate the races
Political equality V.
Social Reality

4. Civil Rights Events

5. Brown V. Board of Education (1954)
“We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational faculties are inherently unequal.” —Chief Justice Earl Warren, Brown V. Board of Education Topeka

6. Brown V. Board of Education
Court overturned Plessy V. Ferguson
Called for integration (combining) of the nation’s public schools.
African American children would receive the same educational opportunities as white children
Resisted in many communities

7. Rosa Parks/ Montgomery Bus Boycott
Arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus
Led to the Montgomery bus boycott
Boycott-refusal to buy, use, or participate in something

8. Montgomery Bus Boycott
1956-Supreme Court ruled segregation of the buses unconstitutional
Led to the founding of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference-led nonviolent protests across the south
Martin Luther King Jr.-set on a path to make him the best known civil rights leader of his day

9. Emmett Till-1955
14 year old African American boy-accused of “flirting” with a white woman
Brutally murdered by the husband and brother-not convicted
Brought national attention to Jim Crow Laws and the segregation in the south

10. Little Rock 9 De-segregation of schools (Brown V. Board)
First 9 students enrolled at Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas

11. Little Rock 9
September 4, 1957-turned away by the Arkansas National Guard called in by the Governor
September 25-escorted by the 101st airborne sent by President Eisenhower
Escorted in to school by the U.S. Army
Military presence will remain
little rock

12. Tactics/Events Sit-ins Boycotts Protests March on Washington-1963
Freedom Rides of 1961
Freedom Summer 1964
Race Riots (Rochester-1964)

13. Rochester Race Riots http://wxxi.org/july64/
time line

14. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. 1929-1968
born in Atlanta, Georgia
Well educated Baptist Minister
Came to prominence during the Montgomery, Georgia bus boycott in 1955.

15. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Influenced during college by the beliefs of Gandhi.
Preached the philosophy of nonviolence and civil disobedience (refusal to obey certain laws)
Led the March on Washington D.C. in August of 1963, where he gave his famous ‘I Have a Dream” speech.
I Have a Dream)

16. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
Worked with both Presidents Kennedy and Johnson to fulfill the dream with the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Influenced and was leader of the SCLC. (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)
Was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4, 1968.

17. Malcolm X
Born with the name Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska.
X was raised in ghettos and in a few different foster homes.
Led to a life of crime
After going to jail, X is influenced by the Nation of Islam (Black Muslims).

18. Malcolm X
X preached black nationalism-a belief in the separate identity and racial unity of the African American community.
Was opposed to integration and Dr. King’s message of nonviolence.
Influenced by Black Panthers.
Was assassinated in New York City in February 1965.

19. Similarities and Differences
Both men were very outspoken and gave great speeches.
Both men wanted equality for African Americans and other minorities.
Both men had many enemies and died violently in the 1960’s.
King preached nonviolence and passive resistance, X told people to fight back.
King was in favor of integration, while X preached segregation (separation).
After a pilgrimage to Mecca, Malcolm X had a change of heart and was open to working with White America.

20. In their own words…

21. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Segregation officially becomes illegal throughout the U.S.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission-prevent job discrimination

22. Voting Rights Act of 1965 Banned literacy tests
Banned any other laws that kept people from voting
Sent federal officials to register voters

23. 24th Amendment Ratified January, 1964
Abolished poll tax in federal elections