1. Goal 11Part 5
Civil Rights Movement

2. Challenging Segregation in COURT
Thurgood Marshall - VERY FIRST African American Supreme Court Justice
Brown V. Board of Education

3. Little Rock High School
1948 – Arkansas1st state ordered to admit African American students to state universities
“LITTLE ROCK NINE”
Supremacy Clause – Federal gov’t > state gov’t

4. Montgomery Bus Boycott
THE ROSA PARKS EVENT STARTS
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
Bus driver asked them to get up for a white man – Rosa Parks refused
Montgomery Bus Boycott
African Americans choose to NOT ride busses
hurts economy of busing industry = nonviolent
Leader of M. B. B. = Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

5. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) – Founder
Civil Disobedience
Leads to the formation of the:
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) – Student protestors

6. Demonstrations C.O.R.E – “Congress of Racial Equality”
Original purpose: attack urban segregation
C.O.R.E. = held the very first SIT-IN
North Carolina A & T students in Greensboro, NC – Woolworth’s

7. Freedom Riders
protesters that would sit in segregated areas on buses (on purpose)
WANTED to provoke
a violent reaction
(Kennedy admin.
could get involved and
enforce laws)

8. FREEDOM RIDERS MOVIE

9. Integrating Ole Miss -1962
James Meredith –admitted to an all-white university in Mississippi
He had to face Governor Ross Barnett
Result: Federal troop escorts / 15 hour riot / hatred…etc.

10. Alabama Birmingham (Bombingham)
bombings (all over racial issues)
TOTAL segregation in public life
“Children’s Crusade”
May 2 – 1,000s of African American children led a march in Birmingham, Alabama
MLK got arrested and was sent to jail
LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL
Spoke of non-violence / civil disobedience

11. Marching on Washington
Dreams of Equality
250,000 African American
-men, women and children
(75,000 white people)
“I have a dream” Speech

12. March on SELMA (1965)
Freedom Summer: C.O.R.E and SNCC put together a committee to “register African Americans” for their right to vote!
March on Selma
(VOTING MARCH) leads to the passing of the :
Voting Rights Act of 1965
(GREAT SOCIETY / LBJ)
no literacy test

14. De Facto vs. De Jure (segregation) & Malcolm X
De Facto = segregation practice (white flight)
De Jure = segregation by law (Plessy)
DE JURE SEGREGATION “ENDED” DURING THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
**************************************************************
Malcolm X – sponsored VIOLENCE–
COMPLETE OPPOSITE OF MLK (NON)
“If you think we are here to tell you we love the white man, you have come to the wrong place” Malcolm X

15. BLACK POWER Stokely Carmichael - coined the phrase “Black Power”
Battle cry of “militant”
Civil Rights Activists
- Develop African Amer.
Pride!!!!!

16. Black Panthers Oakland, California
Protested police brutality in African American neighborhoods
Argued: self-sufficiency for African American communities
Black Panthers

17. Civil Rights Gains Civil Rights Act of 1968 / Fair Housing Act
Provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin.

18. Affirmative Action Help equalize education and job opportunities
RESULT:
REVERSE – DISCRIMINATION
depriving of opportunities of white people
Regents of University of California V. Bakke
Race and gender can STILL be considered for admissions - affirmative Action is constitutional…but
NOOOOOOOO Quotas!!!!

19. Reverse Discrimination (Side Effect of Affirmative Action)